INDIAN    NAMES    IN 
CONNECTICUT, 


J.  H.  TRUMBULL. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
AT    LOS  ANGELES 


X7 
;  *>• 


^      -2^?  s-*-*^*£?     *^~ 

(f 


INDIAN    NAMES 


OF    PLACES     ETC.,    IN    AND    ON    THE    BORDERS    OF 


CONNECTICUT: 


WITH   INTERPRETATIONS  OF  SOME  OF  THEM. 


BY   J.    HAMMOND   TRUMBULL. 


HARTFORD: 

1881. 


TWO    HUNDRED   AND    FIFTY   COPIES   PRINTED. 


PRESS  OF  THE  CASE,   LOCKWOOD  &  BRAINARD  CO. 


INTRODUCTION. 


In  1870  I  published  in  the  second  volume  of  the  Connecticut 
Historical  Society's  Collections  a  paper  on  "  The  Composition  of 
Indian  Geographical  Names."  That  paper  was  originally  designed 
to  serve  as  the  preface  to  a  list  of  Indian  Names  in  Connecticut, 
but,  when  revising  the  list  for  the  press,  it  was  found  to  be  so 
incomplete  and  unsatisfactory  that  I  laid  it  aside  until  I  could  find 
time  to  improve  it.  In  the  ten  years'  interval  I  have  made  con- 
siderable additions  to  it  and  have  corrected  some  of  its  mistakes ; 
but  the  looked  for  leisure  has  not  come,  and  I  have  been  able  to 
do  very  little  of  the  much  that  was  needed.  I  have  decided  to 
Qjj  print  a  few  copies  of  it  as  it  is,  and  to  leave  to  others  the  work  of 
gj  correction  and  completion. 

Under  the  circumstances  no  apology  seems  to  be  required  for 
the  frequency  of  reference  in  the  ensuing  pages  to  the  paper  I 
M     have  mentioned,  or  for  repeating  here  some  things  that  were  said 
Q     in  it,  concerning  the  nature  and  structure  of  Indian  place-names. 

"John  Stuart  Mill  defines  a  proper  name  as  'a  mere  mark  put 
upon  an  individual,  and  of  which  it  is  the  characteristic  property 
to   be   destitute  of  meaning?     If   this  definition   be   accepted,  it 
follows  that  there  are  no  proper  names  in  the  Indian  languages  of 
uj     America.     Every  Indian  synthesis — names  of  persons  and  places 
y     not  accepted — must  not  only  have  a  meaning,  but  be  so  framed  as 
co     to  convey  that  meaning   with  precision,  to   all   who  speak   the 
language  to  which  it  belongs :  and  whenever  by  phonetic  corruption 
or  by  change  of  circumstance  it  loses  its  self-interpreting  or  self- 
defining   power,   it   must  be   discarded  from   the  language.     'It 
requires,'   says    Professor   Max    Miiller,   'tradition,  society,   and 
literature,  to  maintain  forms  which  can  no  longer  be  analyzed  at 
once.' 

"In  our  own  language,  such  forms  may  hold  their  places  by 
prescriptive  right  or  force  of  custom,  and  names  that  are  absolutely 
unmeaning,  or  applied  without  regard  to  their  original  meaning, 
are  accepted  by  common  consent  as  distinguishing  marks  of 


IV  INTRODUCTORY. 

persons  and  places.  We  call  a  man  William  or  Charles,  Jones 
or  Brown,  and  a  town,  New  Lebanon,  Cincinnati,  Baton  Rouge, 
Osceola,  or  Baltic,  just  as  we  put  a  number  on  a  policeman's 
badge  or  a  post-office  box,  or  a  trade-mark  on  an  article  of 
merchandise;  and  the  number  and  the  mark  are  as  truly,  and  in 
nearly  the  same  sense,  proper  names  as  the  others  are. 

"Not  that  personal  or  'proper'  names,  in  any  language,  were 
originally  mere  arbitrary  marks,  devoid  of  meaning.  The  first 
James  or  the  first  Brown  could,  doubtless,  have  given  as  good 
a  reason  for  his  naming,  as  the  first  Abraham.  But  changes  of 
language  and  of  relations,  and  lapse  of.  time,  made  the  names 
independent  of  the  reasons  and  took  from  them  their  original 
significance.  Patrick  is  not  now,  eo  nomine,  a  'patrician';  Charles 
is  not  always  a  '  churl ' ;  Bridget  may  be  neither  '  strong '  nor 
'bright ' ;  and  in  the  name  of  Mary,  hallowed  by  its  associations, 
only  the  philologist  can  detect  the  primitive  'bitterness.'  Boston 
is  no  longer  'St.  Botolph's  town';  there  is  no  'castle  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Hwiccia'  (Hwic-wara-ceaster)  to  be  seen  in  Worcester, 
and  Hartford  has  ceased  to  be  either  'the  ford  of  harts,'  or  'the 
red  ford '  which  its  name  once  indicated. 

"  In  the  same  way,  many  Indian  geographical  names,  after  their 
adoption  by  the  Anglo-American  colonists,  became  unmeaning 
sounds  or  mere  vocal  marks.  Their  original  significance  was  lost 
by  their  transfer  to  a  foreign  tongue.  Nearly  all  such  names  have 
suffered  some  mutilation  or  change  of  form.  In  many  instances 
hardly  a  trace  of  the  original  can  be  detected  in  the  modern  name. 
Some  have  been  separated  from  the  localities  to  which  they  be- 
longed and  assigned  to  others  to  which  they  are  etymologically 
inappropriate.  A  mountain  takes  the  name  of  a  river ;  a  bay, 
that  of  a  cape  or  a  peninsula ;  a  tract  of  land,  that  of  a  hill,  or  a 
rock,  or  a  waterfall.  And  so  'Connecticut,'  'Massachusetts,'  and 
'  Narraganset,'  have  come  to  be  proper  names,  as  truly  as  '  Boston  ' 
and  '  Hartford '  are  in  their  cis-Atlantic  appropriation. 

"The  Indian  languages  tolerated  no  such  'mere  marks.'  Every 
name  described  the  locality  to  which  it  was  affixed.  This  descrip- 
tion was  sometimes  purely  topographical;  sometimes  historical, 
preserving  the  memory  of  a  battle,  or  feast,  the  residence  of  a 
great  Sachem,  or  the  like ;  sometimes  it  indicated  some  natural 
product  of  the  place,  or  the  animals  that  resorted  to  it ;  occasion- 
ally, its  position,  or  direction  from  places  previously  known,  or 
from  the  territory  of  the  tribe  by  which  the  name  was  given, — as, 


INTRODUCTORY.  V 

for  example,  '  land  on  the  other  side  of  the  river '  (Agamenticus), 
'beyond  the  mountain'  ( Housatonic),  'the  east  land'  (Abnaki, 
Wampanoag),  'the  half  way  place '  (Nashaway),  etc.  The  same 
name  might  be,  in  fact  it  very  often  was,  given  to  more  places 
than  one ;  but  these  must  not  be  so  near  together  that  mistake  or 
doubt  could  be  occasioned  by  the  repetition.  With  this  precau- 
tion, there  was  no  reason  why  there  might  not  be  as  many  'great 
rivers,'  'bends,'  'forks,'  and  'waterfalls,'  as  there  are  Washingtons, 
Franklins,  Unions,  and  Fairplays,  in  the  list  of  American  post- 
offices.  » 

"  With  few  exceptions,  the  structure  of  Algonkin  place-names  is 
simple.  Nearly  all  may  be  referred  to  one  of  three  classes : — 

"  i.  Names  composed  of  two  elements,  which  we  may  distin- 
guish as  adjectival  and  substantival;  with,  or  without,  a  locative 
suffix  or  postposition  meaning  'at,'  'in,'  'near,'  or  the  like. 
[I  use  the  terms  '  adjectival '  and  '  substantival '  because  no 
true  adjectives  or  substantives  enter  into  the  composition  of 
Algonkin  names.  The  adjectival  may  be  an  adverb  or  a  preposi- 
tion :  the  substantival  element  is  often  a  verbal,  which  serves 
in  composition  as  a  generic  name,  but  which  cannot  be  used 
as  an  independent  word :  the  synthesis  always  retains  a  verbal 
form.] 

"2.  Those  which  have  only  a  single  base-word,  the  substanti- 
val, with  a  postposition. 

"3.  Those  formed  from  verbs,  as  participiais  or  verbal  nouns 
denoting  a  place  where  the  action  of  the  verb  is  performed." 

To  the  first-mentioned  class  belong,  probably,  nine-tenths  of  the 
Indian  names  in  New  England.  Two  hundred  years  ago,  when 
the  Mohegan  and  Narraganset  and  Massachusetts  were  living 
languages,  the  meanings  of  most  of  these  names  could  have  been 
easily  enough  ascertained  h#d  any  one  cared  to  undertake  the 
task :  but  now,  for  reasons  I  shall  presently  suggest,  comparatively 
few  can  be  analyzed  or  interpreted,  with  certainty. 

In  and  about  the  borders  of  Connecticut  four  or  five  distinct 
Algonkin  dialects  were  spoken,  and  each  of  these  had  its  local 
idioms.  In  the  speech  of  the  Pequot-Mohegans,  in  the  south-east, 
sonants  and  gutturals  abounded.  In  the  Narraganset  and  Niantic 
dialects,  the  surd  mutes,  k,  /,  /,  were  more  common  than  the 
sonants,  g,  d,  b,  and  nasals  than  gutturals.  The  Nipmucks,  of  the 
north-east,  substituted  /  for  the  Niantic  and  Mohegan  n,  and 


VI  INTRODUCTORY. 

generally  made  the  final  k  of  place-names  sonant  (aug,  0g,  for  auk, 
ock,  etc.).  The  tribes  of  the  Connecticut  valley  preferred  liquids 
and  semi-vowels  to  nasals,  and  some  of  their  local  idioms  were 
characterized  by  an  occasional  lisp,  an  original  sibilant  becoming 
a  spirant  ///,  sometimes  passing  to  a  soft  lingual  mute,  t.  In  the 
dialects  of  the  Qttiripi  (or  Quinnipiac)  Indians,  near  the  Sound? 
from  New  Haven  to  the  western  bounds  of  the  colony,  the 
preference  for  liquid  sounds  was  more  strongly  marked  ;  r  took  the 
place  of  the  eastern  n  or  /,  and  there  was  a  tendency  to  drop  or 
soften  final  consonants. 

Differences  of  dialect  were  not  merely  phonetic,  but  extended 
to  the  vocabulary,  and  especially  to  the  names  of  animals  and 
vegetable  productions — which  are  often  found  as  components  of 
place  names.  The  Mohegans  and  Narragansets  had  different 
names  for  the  same  birds,  fish,  and  trees,  as  well  as  for  the  same 
rivers,  ponds,  and  hills. 

To  these  differences,  and  to  the  fact  that  in  their  negotiations 
with  the  Indians  of  one  tribe,  the  colonists  were  very  often 
obliged  to  employ  interpreters  belonging  to  another — or  who  were 
more  familiar  with  the  dialect  of  another — the  marvellous  corrup- 
tions of  place-names,  in  old  records,  is  partly  attributable.  A 
Mohegan  name,  taken  down  by  an  English  scribe,  as  he  had  caught 
it  from  a  Quiripi  interpreter,  would  be  almost  as  effectually 
disguised  as  is  the  French  Dieu  in  the  missionary-Iroquois  "JViw." 

Remembering  how  unsettled  and  capricious  was  English  spell- 
ing in  the  seventeenth  century,  how  absolutely  every  clerk  and 
recorder  was  a  law  unto  himself,  and  how  often  we  find  a  common 
English  word  spelled  in  three  or  four  different  ways  by  the  same 
writer  and  perhaps  on  the  same  page,  in  early  colonial  records, — 
uniformity  in  the  spelling  of  Indian  names  was  not  to  be  expected. 
The  variations  which  some  of  these  names  present  are  almost 
innumerable.  Others  have  undergone  complete  transformation, 
retaining  scarcely  a  suggestion  of  their  original  sounds.  The 
strange  sounds  of  a  strange  language  were  peculiarly  subject  to 
the  operation  of  two  causes  of  phonetic  change, — error  of  the  ear 
(ptosis,  as  it  has  been  termed,)  a  mis-hearing,  or  rather,  mis-appre- 
hension of  the  sounds  uttered ;  and  the  universal  tendency  "to  make 
the  work  of  utterance  easier  to  the  speaker,  to  put  a  more  facile 
in  the  stead  of  a  more  difficult  sound  or  combination  of  sounds," 
and  "  to  get  rid  altogether  of  irregular  and  exceptional  forms."* 

*  Whitney's  "  Language  and  Study  of  Language,"  pp.  69,  28. 


INTRODUCTORY.  Vll 

Many  examples  of  the  metamorphosis  of  Indian  place-names  may 
be  found  in  the  following  pages :  e.  g.  Kuppauke  has  become 
" Cape  Poge,"  and  its  equivalent  in  another  dialect  is  "Quebec" ; 
Nameock  is  "  May  Luck " ;  Oggusse-paugsuck  is  shortened  to 
"Oxyboxy  ";  Nedstoquaheaganuck  to  "  Eastcrig  ";  Tomheganompskut 
to  "  Higganum  ";  Wonococomaug  to  "  Congamuck  ";  Webompskat 
to  "Obscob";  Mashenupsuck  to  "Snipsic";  Wequapaugset  to 
"  Boxet." 

So,  in  Maine,  Matche-baguatus  (see  p.  2)  has  been  identified 
with  "Major  Biguyduce";  in  Maryland,  Potopaco  survives  as 
"  Port  Tobacco  ";  in  Rhode  Island,  Wannemetonomy  is  reduced  to 
"  Tommony  "  or  "  Tammany  "  hill,  Papasquash  becomes  "  Papoose 
Squaw  "  point,  and  Musquataug  passes  through  Musquetohaug  to 
the  more  familiar  "  Musqueto-hawk  "  brook.  Of  Quenechouan  (or 
Quinnitchuari),  the  designation  of  a  '  long  rapid '  near  the  entrance 
of  the  Ottawa  river,  the  French  of  Canada  first  made  'fifteen 
dogs  '  (quinze  chiens),  and  then  invented  a  story  to  account  for  the 
name.* 

The  signification  of  many  place-names  is  obscured  by  the  loss 
of  one  or  more  syllables  or  an  initial  consonant :  as  in  "  Toket " 
for  Totoket  (see  page  73),  "  Quaddic  "  for  Pattaquottuck  (p.  45), 
"Catumb"  for  Ketumpscut  (p.  16),  "Paug"  for  Pishatipaug  or 
Pesuckapaug  (p.  51),  and  for  Neeshapaug  (p.  38);  "Wassuc"  for 
Assawassuc  or  Nashauasuck ;  "  Nunkertunk  "  for  Wanungatuck 
(p.  77);  and  "Titicut"  (on  Taunton  river,  in  Massachusetts,)  for 
Kehteiktukqut,  or  Kettetukut.  The  sound  of  m  or  /  before  a 
sibilant  or  mute  was  often  lost  to  English  ears :  thus  for  M'squa- 
micuk  we  have  " Squomacuk ";  .for  Mashapaug,  "Shepaug"; 
for  Pescatuk,  "Scantic"  and  "Scittico";  for  Pishgachtigok,  "Scata- 
cook "  (p.  64),  etc.  Nearly  as  often,  an  initial  n  has  been 
dropped;  e.  g.  "Ashawog,"  "Assawaug"  (p.  5),  "Shetucket," 
"  Shannock  "  and  "  Shunock  "  (p.  67). 

The  methods  of  Algonkin  synthesis  are  so  exactly  prescribed, 
that  the  omission  or  displacement  of  a  consonant  or  (emphasized) 
vocal,  necessarily  modifies  the  signification  of  the  compound  name, 
and  may  often  render  its  interpretation  or  analysis  impossible. 
Yet  almost  every  term  used  in  the  composition  of  place-names 
appears  under  many  and  widely-differing  forms,  in  some  of  which 
it  becomes  so  effectually  disguised  as  to  defy  recognition. 

*  See  the  Abbe  Ferland's  "Cours  d'Histoire  du  Canada,"  vol.  i.  p.  163,  n.  2. 


Vlll  INTRODUCTORY. 

In  the  following  list  of  substantival  and  adjectival  elements  of 
common  occurrence  in  New  England  names,  I  have  noted  some 
of  the  forms  given  them  by  early  recorders  or  which  they  have 
been  made  to  assume  by  modern  usage  : — 

I.     LAND  NAMES. 

AUKE;  Mass.  OHKE  (Eliot),  Dela.  AKI,  Moh.  HKEY,  Abn.  KI  : 
signifying,  land,  ground,  place  (not  limited  or  enclosed*),  country, 
etc.  Characteristic,  k.  Found  in  place-names,  as  auke,  aug,  ag, 
ac,  ocke,  ock,  og,  oc,  uc,  ague. 

-KOMUK,  place  (limited,  or  enclosed);  often  for  "house,"  "enclo- 
sure ":  var.  comoc,  commuck,  gomuck,  etc. 

WADCHU,  WAUCHU  ;  in  composition,  -ADCHU  ;  hill,  mountain : 
var.  watchu,  wachu,  uatchu,  achu,  choo. 

-ADENE  (an  inseparable  generic),  hill,  mountain :  var.  ahdin, 
adn,  attiny. 

-'TUGK  (insep.  generic)  for  m'tugk.  wood,  tree :  var.  tuck,  timk, 
tak. 

-UNK  (insep.  gen.),  a  standing  tree  :  var.  onk. 

-OMPSK  (insep.  gen.),  a  standing  or  upright  rock :  var.  -obsk, 
-mpsk,  -msk,  -msq,  -ms,  -psk,  -pisk. 

MUNNOH,  MUNNOHAN,  island :  var.  munna,  manha,  minna ;  men- 
han,  munhan.  Diminutive,  MUNNOH-ES  "  little  island ":  var. 
munnisses,  manisses,  etc.;  Chippeway,  minis. 

NAIAG,  a  point  of  land :  var.  niack,  nyack,  nay  aug,  nawayack, 
natank,  noank;  nahig,  nanhig,  narrag  (as  in  "  Narraganset "). 

II.     WATER  NAMES. 

PE  (insep.  gen.)  for  Mass.  NIPPE;  Narr.  NIP;  Moh.  NUPP;  Abn. 
NEBI  ;  water :  var.  -pi,  bi. 

-PAUG  (insep.  gen.  =  -pe  -+•  auke  "  water-place  "),  water  at  rest, 
pond,  lake :  var.  -pog,  -poge,  -pogue,  -pauk,  -pawog,  -baug,  -bog,  -pag, 
-pague,  -bogue.  Dimin.  -PAUG-^T  "  little  pond,"  and  with  locative 
suffix,  -paug-es-et;  var.  -paugset,  -pogset,  -poxet,  -boxet,  -boxy  (see 
Oxopaugsuck,  p.  42). 

-PE-AUKE  (Ab.  BEKI)  water-land,  water-place ;  var.  -peag,  -piak, 
-piac,  -bequi,  -bee.  See  Quinnipiac  (  Kennebec),  p.  61. 

NUPPIS,  NIPS  (=  nip-es,  dimin.  of  nippe,)  little  water,  a  small 
pond  or  body  of  fresh  water ;  var.  nawbes  (see  Nawbesetuck,  p.  36). 

SEPU,  SEIP,  a  riveY ;  strictly,  a  long  river.  Seldom  used  in 
composition,  and  only  as  a  base-word  with  adjectival  prefix,  as  in 


INTRODUCTORY.  IX 

Missi-sipi  ''great  (long)  river."     Diminutive,  sepu-es ;  var.  sepoese, 
sepos,  sebese,  sebethe,  etc. 

-TUK  (insep.  gen.),  a  tidal  or  broad  river,  or  estuary  :  var.  -tick, 
-tic.  Dimin.  -tuk-es,  var.  -tucks,  -tux. 

PAUNTUK,  falls  in  a  (tidal)  river:  var. pawtuck,  powntuck,  pooun- 
tuck,  patuck,  etc.  Dimin.  pau"tuk-ese.  See  Pawtucket,  Pautuxet. 

SAUK,  outlet  of  river  or  bcook ;  stream  flowing  out  of  a  pond  or 
lake ;  var.  -suck  (see  Ahyosupsuck,  Mistucksuck,  Oxopaugsuck, 
MoshenupsucK),  sauga  (e.  g.  Saugatuck,  Mississaugd),  saco  (as  in 
Saco,  Massaco),  sawco,  sag  (e.  g.  Saginaw),  sague  (in  Saguenay), 
seogee  (in  Winntpiseogee),  etc. 

-AMAUG,  fishing-place :  compare  Abnaki  ama"ga"  "  on  peche 
la"  (Rasles);  \?cc.-amag,  -amock,  -ameock,  -ameugg,  -amyock,  (see 
Nameock?)  -amareck,  -amelake,  (see  Namareck,}  -amuck  (see  Couga- 
muck,}  etc.:  occasionally  corrupted  to  -amond  (e.  g.  Quinsigamond, 
Congamond). 

ADJECTIVALS. 

MISSI-,  mishe-,  massa-,  great,  big;  var.  massa-  (see  Massapaug, 
Massachusetts),  Mis-  (e.  g.  mistick),  mashe-,  she-  (e.  g.  Shepaug),  se- 
(e.  g.  Sebago),  moshe-,  mus-  (as  in  Mussaco);  rarely,  matta-,  matha- 
(see  Massachusetts). 

KEHTI-,  kehchi-,  chief,  principal,  greatest:  var.  ket-,  kit-,  kut-,  cot-, 
cat-  (e.  g.  Catumb),  kt-,  te-  (as  in  Tetiquet,  Titicut). 

O<;<;UHSE-,  ogkosse-,  small,  little;  Chip,  agass- ;  Abn.  tagassi-;^wc. 
OXO-,  oxy~,  abscu-,  (see  Oxopaugsuck}. 

QUINNI-  (qunnih-,  Eliot),  Jong ;  var.  guiri-,  quilli-,  quan-,  quon-, 
conne-  (e.  g.  Connecticut}. 

QUNNUHQUI,  tall :  Quonacontaug  (q.  v.)  otherwise  written,  Con- 
aquotoag,  probably  took  the  name  from  some  qunnuhqui- tugk 
"tall  tree,"  that  served  as  a  land  mark. 

'  WUNNI-,  WINNI-,   pleasing,   favorable,  good ;  var.  wirri-,  wera-, 
willi-,  waure-,  etc. 

MATCHI-,  mache-,  unpleasant,  unfavorable,  bad :  var.  mat-,  maut- 
(see  Matumpseck,  Mautunsq). 

CHEFI-,  separated,  apart:  var.  chippi-,  c/iabe-,  chappa-,  chaub-. 

PETUKQUI-,  round  :  var.  puttnckque-,  ptukhi-,  pawtuckq-,  puttacaiu-, 
pettiq-  (as  in  Pettiquamscut,  R.  I.),  pattag-  (see  PattaquonK),  petuck- 
qua-  (see  Petuckqucipaug). 

WEPU,  strait,  narrow :  var.  wepo-,  weepo-  (see  Wepowage), 
weybo  (e.  g.  Weybosset},  wopo-,  wapwa-,  etc. 


X  INTRODUCTORY. 

WEQUK-,  wft/ua-,  at  the  end  of  :  var.  weca-  (e.  g.  Wecapaug),  wico-, 
ukiue-,  aquee-,  aqua-,  etc. 

NASHAUI,*  midway,  between  :  var.  nashawe,  nashaway,  natchau-, 
naush-;  ashwa-,  showa-,  shaw-,  shew-,  she-  (as  in  Shetucket). 

ONGKOUE,  beyond :  var.  uncoa,  uticawa,  uncoway,  itnqna,  etc. 

OGKOMfc',  Chip,  agami,  on  the  other  side,  over  against :  var. 
accom-  (e.  g.  Accomac),  agame-  (e.  g.  Agamenticus),  etc. 

POHQUE,  clear,  open  :  var.  pohqua-,  paiiqua-,  paqua-,  payqua-, 
peqtia-,  poqua-,  poco-,  pyqiia-,  pnckwa-;  pahcu-,  pughquo,  etc. 

roH(x>u'ux,  cleared,  opened  :  va.\'.poquon-!>pocon-,paquan-,  pequon-, 
pecon-,  etc. 

POHQUETTAH-UN,  broken  up,  cultivated  :  \?cc.poquetan-,  paucutun-. 
pogatan-,  pocotan-,  coddan-  (see  CoddanK),  cuttyhun  (in  Cuttyhunk. 
Mass.),  cotting-,  etc. 

WONGUN,  crooked,  bent:  var.  wongum,  wangom ;  see  Wongum- 
baitg,  Wonkemaug. 

SONKI,  cool  (to  the  taste  or  touch)  :  var.  soonka,  sunki,  saunqui, 
songi,  etc. :  see  Sunkipaug. 

Names  of  animals,  fishes,  trees,  grasses,  esculent  roots,  etc., 
occasionally  served  as  adjectivals,  before  a  substantive  or  an 
inseparable-generic  denoting  place.  Misquamicuk  is  'salmon  place;' 
Quinamoge  and  Ouschankamaug  (probably)  were  'lamprey  fishing- 
places  ; '  Tauba-konomok  '  plenty  lamprey  fishing-place  ; '  Cowwaus, 
and  Cowautacuck  were  'pine  lands,'  and  Cowassit  'small  (or  young) 
pine  land  ; '  Mahantick  was  a  '  spruce  or  cedar  swamp  ; '  Wecup- 
pemee  was  named  from  the  '  string  bark  '  or  linden  ;  Wishquodiniack 
seems  to  have  been  'walnut-tree  land  ;'  Abaquag,  Appaquaog,  and 
Wabaquasset  were  '  places  where  flags  grow  ; '  etc. 

The  colonists  often  gave  the  name  of  a  locality  to  the  Indian 
sachem  or  proprietor  of  it,  and  vice  versa.  Every  such  transfer  is 
a  stumbling  block  to  the  interpreter.  No  one  could  be  sure  that 
Powhatan  meant  "falls  in  a  river "  (paitat-hanne)  if  John  Smith 
and  Strachey  had  omitted  to  tell  us  that  "the  great  emperor"  of 
Virginia  was  called  by  that  name  from  his  birth-place  "  above  the 
falls,  at  the  head  of  our  river"  (near  Richmond),  and  that  "his 
proper  right  name  was  Wahunsenacawh."  A  Maine  sagamore  was 
known  to  the  English  as  Abigadasset — which  was  the  designation 
of  a  locality  on  Merrymeeting  Bay.  In  the  following  list,  the 
place-names  Shepaug  (great  pond),  Winnepaug  (fine  pond),  Nonne- 
wattg  (dry  land),  Weraumaug  (good  fishing-place),  Wecuppemee 


INTRODUCTORY.  XI 

(bass  wood),  and  some  others,  were  transferred  by  the  English  to 
Indian  proprietors  or  residents :  and  on  the  other  hand,  the  per- 
sonal names  Cockeno,  Compound,  Konkapot,  Mayanno  (Mianits), 
Montowese,  Moosup,  Nemo,  Oneco,  Wappoquian,  and  Waweekus, 
have  been  appropriated  to  localities. 

In  addition  to  names  of  places  within  or  adjacent  to  the  present 
bounds  of  Connecticut,  I  have  included  many  that  belong  to  that 
part  of  Rhode  Island  that  was  formerly  known  as  the  Narraganset 
Country,  the  jurisdiction  to  which  was  for  a  long  time  contested 
by  Connecticut.  The  original  mortgages  to  and  conveyances  by 
the  Narraganset  proprietors  were  recorded  at  Hartford,  and  various 
reports,  proceedings,  etc.,  concerning  the  disputed  territory,  are 
preserved  in  the  Connecticut  archives.  These  supply  many  Indian 
names,  in  forms  less  corrupt  than  those  which  were  given  to  them 
by  later  recorders  and,  especially,  in  the  documents  from  which  Dr. 
Parsons's  list  of  Indian  names  in  Rhode  Island  was  compiled. 

The  following  name,  to  which  reference  is  made  on  page  17,  was 
accidentally  omitted  from  its  place : — 

Taubakonommok,  Taba-conomock :  a  high  hill,  in  the  western  part 
of  Waterford ;  now,  Konomuk.  History  of  New  London,  124. 
Transferred  from  a  stream  which  runs  near  it,  or  from  some  locality 
near  the  head  of  Nianticbay;  "where  there  are  plenty  of  lam- 
preys," tauba-qunnamaug.  See  Quinamoge, 

J.   H.  T. 
HARTFORD,  April  30,  1881. 


Of  the  abbreviated  references  to  authorities,  in  the  following  pages,  only  these 
seem  to  need  explanation : — 

Col.  Rec.     The  Colonial  Records  of  Connecticut,  1636-1689 :  edited  by  J.  H. 

Trumbull.     3  vols. 
Col.  Rec.  Lands,  and  C.  R.  L. ;  Records  of  Lands  (Deeds,  Patents,  etc.),  in  the 

Secretary's  office,  Hartford  :  Vols.  I.— IV. 
C.  A.     Connecticut   Archives,   arranged   and    bound;   in   the   State    Library. 

These  include  documents  relating  to   "Towns   and    Lands"   (T.  &   L.), 

Boundaries,  Indians,  etc. 
N.   H.   Rec.     New   Haven   Colonial   Records,   1638-1665:    edited   by  C.  J. 

Hoadly.     2  vols. 
Moh.  Case.     The  printed  Case  of  the  Moheagan  Indians  vs.  The  Governor  and 

Company  of  Connecticut,  et  al.  (London,  1769).     This  contains,  pp.  47-50, 

Capt.  John  Chandler's  Survey  of  the  Moheagan  Country,  1705,  with  a  Map, 

to  which  frequent  reference  has  been  made. 


INDIAN    NAMES 

OF  PLACES,   RIVERS,  ETC.,   IN   AND   ON   THE  BORDERS   OF 

CONNECTICUT. 


Abaq-uage,  Ap'paquaog,  -quag,  (Nipm.) :  "a  flaggy 
meadow  ...  on  the  n.  w.  corner  of  [old]  Windham  bounds." 
Chandler,  1705.  "Abaqnage  pond."  Col.  Rec.,  iii.  202.  At 
or  near  "  Grigg's  Swamp,"  in  s.  e.  corner  of  Eastford.  Little 
River,  which  rises  near  this  swamp,  was  called  Appaquag 
river.  The  pond  appears  to  have  been  one  of  the  so.  bounds 
of  the  Wabaquasset  country.  The  name  signifies  "  a  place 
where  flags  grow,"  such  as  were  used  by  the  Indians  for 
mats  and  for  covering  their  wigwams  ;  particularly  the  cat- 
tail flag  (Typha  latifolia).  [The  root  means  'to  cover';  as  in 
Massachusetts  appuhquan  '  he  covers  it,'  and  abuhquosik  '  a 
covering';  Narr.  abockquos  '  a  mat  for  covering  the  wigwam  ;' 
Chip.  Apakzvei  '  lodge  mat.'  Chip,  and  Ottawa  pukwi  '  cat- 
tail flag'  gives  its  name  to  Puckaway  lake,  on  the  route  from 
Green  Bay  to  Wisconsin  river.  See  Tanner's  Narrative, 
p.  55.]  Appaquaog  =  appuhqui-auke,  is  '  lodge-covering  place.' 
Cf.  Wabaquasset. 

2.  Upaquoag  woods,  in  East  Hartford,  are  marshy,  and, 
as  a  correspondent  informs  me,   "in  wet  clearings  are  the 
natural  home  of  the  cat-tail  flag," —  whence  the  name. 

3.  Apoquage,  now  "  Silver   Lake,"  near  the   w.  line  of 
Beekman  township,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  whence  a  tract  of 
land  and  a  post-village  take  their  modern  name,  Poughquag. 

Abriga'da,  Abrigador:  a  hill  in  Waterbury,  about  half 
a  mile  s.  e.  of  the  centre  of  the  town.  "There  is  a  cleft  rock 
on  the  s.  w.  side  of  the  hill,  which  used  to  be  called  the 


Indian's  House."  (Orcutt's  Hist,  of  Derby,  xcvi.)  Probably, 
from  Indian  abigad,  or  abignat,  'covert,'  'shelter,'  'haven,' 
'  hiding-place ; '  Mass,  abo/iquo-s,  obbohquos  (Eliot),  '  covert,' 
'  tent,'  etc.  ;  Abnaki  a"bagaut-ek  '  sheltered  from'  the  sun,  or 
rain  ;  apakode  '  covered.'  The  r  is  intrusive ;  for  no  Indian 
dialect  admits  the  combination  br.  The  same  word  is  found  in 
several  place-names  in  New  England,  in  some  of  which  it 
has  been  strangely  corrupted.  Abagadasset  ('  at  the  place  of 
shelter,'  or  haven,)  was  the  name  given  to  the  river  and  point 
on  the  no.  side  of  Merrymeeting  Bay,  Me.  (and  transferred  to 
an  Indian  sagamore  who  lived  thereabouts) ;  otherwise  written, 
Abbigadasset,  Bagadasset,  etc.  The  bay  of  Castine,  Me.,  was 
called  by  the  Abnakis,  Matclie-bagnatus  (or,  as  Rale  wrote  it, 
MatsibigwadooseK)  '  bad  harbor ' ;  shortened  to  Chebegriadose 
("  Chebegwadose,"  Purchas,  iv.  1874)  and  finally  corrupted 
to  Bigadnce,  —  which  a  local  tradition  derives  from  "  Major 
Biguyduce,"  an  imaginary  French  officer,  supposed  to  have 
come  with  the  Baron  Castine.  \Picton,  in  Nova  Scotia,  has 
apparently,  the  same  origin.  Is  it  identical  with  "Biggetu,"  of 
Ruysch's  map,  1 507  ?] 

Achetaqupaff  or  Jffiriiscopfff/;  a  place  on  Naugatuck 
river,  named  in  the  Indian  deed  to  Mattatuck  (Waterbury)  in 
1685.  Orcutt's  Derby,  xxxiv,  xcv. 

Acomeques  (Moh.)  was  named  by  Uncas  as  his  "south 
bounds  on  the  east  side  of  Mohegan  [Thames]  river."  Col. 
Rec.,  iii.  149.  It  was  near  Poquetannoc  cove,  and  between 
it  and  the  river,  not  far  from  the  line  between  Preston  and 
Ledyard.  The  name  means  'land  (or  place)  on  the  other 
side'  of  the  river.  See  Compos,  of  Ind.  Geogr.  Names,  p.  10. 

Acqiiebapany :  see  Aquebupauy.  (And  so,  for  all 
names  beginning  with  Acq- .) 

Acunepequash  (Moh.) :  a  brook  east  of  Ouinebaug 
river,  mentioned  in  Oweneco's  deed  to  J.  Fitch,  1680. 

Ahyohsupsuck :  see  Ayas'iipsuck. 

Aiffiocomockf  Ajicomick,  and  Oiockocommock  (Moh.) : 
Stony  Creek  in  Guilford ;  originally  some  village,  building,  or 
other  '  inclosed  place '  (komuk)  in  or  near  the  creek,  which 
appears  to  have  been  a  w.  bound  of  the  Mohegan  territory 


claimed  by  Uncas  in  1641.  In  the  deed  of  1639,  "  Oiocko- 
commock  river."  "  Agicomook,  now  called  Stony  creek." 
Nausup's  deed,  1687. 

All-urn  or  W(iUwm?s  pond :  on  the  n.  line  of  (Burrill- 
ville)  R.  I.,  near  the  n.  e.  corner  of  Connecticut.  So  called 
from  a  Quinebaug  captain,  whose  name  (meaning  '  The  Fox,' 
Peq.  Awnmps^)  was  variously  written,  A  Hums,  A  Humps, 
Hyems,  Hycmps,  lams,  etc.  Col.  Rec.,  iv.  272,  333,  351. 

2.  Alum  pond  :  in  n.  w.  part  of  Sturbridge,  Mass.,  and 
Little  Alum  pond,  in  n.  e.  part  of  Holland,  Mass.,  sources  of 
the  Quinebaug  river:  the  "Alum  ponds,"  1715. 

AnHmnantoeksuckf  Amonontncksnck,  etc.:  near  the 
line  between  Glastenbury  and  Marlborough.  Dr.  Chapin 
(Glast.  Centenn.,  17)  supposed  the  name  to  belong  to  Pine  Hill, 
now  called  Pantoosuck:  but  the  suffix  -suck  denotes  'brook,' 
or  'outlet'  of  a  pond.  Land  sold  by  Tarramuggus  in  1673, 
" near  or  in  Ashowasset  or  Pauquanauge  or  Mawnautuck" 
was  laid  out  "on  the  south  side  of  Roaring  Brook  near 
Mr.  Willard's  land  called  by  the  Indians  Amannantocksock." 
Col.  Rec.  Lands,  i.  424-5.  Mawnantuck  ('a  look  out/  or 
place  of  observation)  is  another  form  of  Amannantock,  and 
Mawnantuck-snck  is,  probably,  either  Roaring  Brook,  or  the 
brook  which  runs  from  Diamond  pond,  across  the  Marlbo- 
rough line,  to  Blackledge's  river.  See  Manattick. 

Anchaniaunnach'kaunach'  (Moh.)  :  a  pond  n.  w.  of 
(North)  Stonington  ancient  bounds,  from  which  a  brook  runs 
to  Puckhussunaug  pond.  Col.  Rec.  Lds.,  i.  293,  294.  Now 
'Amos's  Pond '  or  '  Lake  Amos,'  in  s.  e.  part  of  Preston. 
The  name  is  untranslatable. 

VAnqueet;  named  as  one  of  the  east  bounds  of  the  Waba- 
quasset  country,  1684.  Col.  Rec.,  iii.  150. 

?Aokeet#:   a  pond  in    Ridgefield.     Rev.  S.   Goodrich's 

MS.  (l8OO.) 

Ajtawamis,  al.  Apawquammis,  Opqnamis,  Apauantiss, 
Epawames,  etc. :  Budd's  Neck,  in  s.  e.  part  of  Rye,  West- 
chester  Co.,  N.  Y.  Conn.  Rec.  Lands,  i.  334.  Between 
Pockotessewake  (Mamaroneck)  river  and  Blind  Brook. 


(recorded,  Aquapanksif) :  land  named  in 
Uncas's  deed  to  the  Colony  in  1640.  The  name  seems  to 
denote  a  place  '  at  the  end  of  a  small  pond,'  ukque-paug-es-it. 
Cf.  Wecapaug. 

Aqueb'apauff  (and  Acquib-} :  a  pond  near  the  head  of 
Pawcatuck  river,  but  below  the  pond  called  Chipchug.  Col. 
Rec.,  iii.  275.  "  Probably  Worden's  Pond,"  near  the  west 
line  of  So.  Kingstown,  R.  I.  Parson's  Indian  Names,  p.  9. 
"A  great  pond  called  Acqueebapaguck"  was  the  e.  bound  of 
Chippachooag.  Col.  Rec.,  ii.  590:  Quebaquauge,  id.,  ii.  589. 
Aquabe-paug-auke  =  'land  before  (on  this  side  of,  or  in  front 
of)  the  pond.  Aquabepaug  may  mean  either  '  before  the 
pond '  or  the  '  pond  before '  some  other  pond  or  some  tract  of 
land. 

Acqueed'ennuck,  Acquidaneck,  (Nipm.  or  Moh.) :  the 
eastern  limit  of  the  south  bounds  of  the  Quinebaug  lands 
claimed  by  Hyems  (see  Allum),  on  "  a  high  hill,"  about  one 
mile  so.  easterly  from  Acquiunk  near  the  great  falls  (Daniel- 
sonville).  C.  Rec.  L.,  ii.  305,  309 ;  Miss  Larned's  Windham 
Co.,  i.  115.  In  South  Killingly. 

2.  Aqueednuck  (now  Quidnic}  river  and  pond  :  near  Week's 
hill,  in  Coventry,  R.  I.  The  name  seems  to  be  compounded 
of  ukque-adene-auke  '  place  at  the  end  of  the  hill ; '  or  possibly, 
ogque-adene-auke  '  place  beyond  the  hill.' 

Acquiunk,  Ocq-  (Moh.) :  "A  hill  thirty  or  forty  rods 
s.  e.  from"  the  upper  falls  of  the  Quinebaug  river,  at  Daniel- 
sonville ;  "  which  said  falls  are  known  to  the  Indians  by  the 
name  of  Ac-qui-unk"  Chandler,  1705  ;  Conn.  Archives,  T.  & 
L.,  ii.  187;  Miss  Larned's  Windham  Co.,  115.  Probably,  'at 
the  place  below  (agwi) '  the  falls  (see  Pawtuckef) :  though 
Agwunk  (Agwonk,  Eliot,  in  i  Sam.  31.  13)  means  'under  a 
tree.' 

Acquiashqut:  in  Stonington.  John  Stanton  had  a 
town  grant  of  land  there  in  1665.  Town  Rec. 

Acquunfcquoke :  a  tract  of  land  sold  to  Moses  Wheeler 
and  Joseph  Judson,  no.  of  Far  Mill  River ;  now  in  Huntington. 
Prob.  from  quunnukque-auke  'high  land.'  [Cf.  Quunkwatc/tu, 
Kunckquachu,  (for  qnnnukque-wadchu,  '  high  mountain ')  the 
Indian  name  of  Mount  Toby,  Mass.] 


?Arauf/acutack  (mod.  Aurangeatuck] :  a  plain  on  the 
e.  side  of  Potatuck  (Housatonic)  river,  betw.  it  and  Eight 
Mile  river;  now  in  Southbury.  Ind.  Deed,  1679,  in  Cothren's 
Woodbury,  i.  25  ;  Arauscatuck,  C.  R.  Lands,  iii.  112. 

?Afinouck :  a  name  of  Byram  river,  the  boundary  between 
Connecticut  and  New  York.  See  Cockamong ,  Comonck. 

?Asamuck :  now  "  Greenwich  Creek,"  running  to  the 
Sound  at  Indian  Harbor,  between  Coscob  and  Bush's  Harbor. 
Mead's  Greenwich,  22. 

Assawas'suc,  Hassawas'suc  (mod.  Wassuc) :  in  East 
Glastenbury.  Chapin's  Glast.  Centen.,  17.  Ashowaset,  C.  R. 
L.,  i.  425.  Dr.  Chapin's  interpretation,  "other-house  place- 
of-bears,"  is  absurd.  Assawa-suck  ( =  na sJiane-snck}  means 
'  the  fork  of  the  brook,'  or  rather,  the  place  '  between  [the 
forks  of  the]  brook ; '  and  originally  belonged  to  the  place 
where  Cold  Brook  unites  with  Roaring  Brook.  Cf.  As/iawog. 

Assawauf/.    See  Asltawoy. 

Atfseieonkf  Otfsekwnkl  a  swamp  in  North  Stonington 
(so.  part),  and  a  brook  which  runs  through  it  to  Shannock 
river. 

Ash'awoy,  Asstt  u-a  tiy,  Nashawoy,  et  al.  This  name, 
designating  a  '  place  between '  (nashaue,  Eliot)  or  '  in  the 
middle,'  occurs  in  various  forms,  throughout  New  England. 
See  Compos,  of  Ind.  Geogr.  Names,  33.  In  Connecticut  we 
have : — 

1.  Assawog,  or  Ashawog  river,  North  Stonington;  runs 
southerly  into  Pawcatuck  river  at  the  state  line,  —  near 

2.  Ashaway  village,  in  Hopkinton,  R.  I. 

3.  Nashawag,  Nashaway,  Assawog,  et  al. :  a  so.  e.  bound 
of  the  Wabaquasset  country,  northerly  of  the  great  falls  of 
the  Quinebaug  river  (Oweneco's  deed  to  J.  Fitch,  1684 ;  C. 
R.  Lands,  ii.  1 18,  1 19) ;  the  point  '  between  '  Quinebaug  and 
Five  Mile  rivers,  in  Killingly.     The  name  has  been  trans- 
ferred—  as  Assawogga  —  to  the  smaller  stream. 

4.  Another  gore,  'between'  French  and  Quinebaug  rivers, 
in  Thompson,  was  also  called  Nasliaway. 

5.  Ashawong,    Ashowat,    Ashwawott   (Moh.)  :    a   bound 
between    Uncas    and    Arramamet    (sachem   of    the    River 


Indians),  established  in  1666 ;  one  mile  south  of  Wongun- 
shoake  (or  Wongushock).  Col.  Rec.,  ii.  41  ;  iii.  69,  149. 
"  Ashowog,  (and  Ashnwang)  the  crotch  of  a  river."  Chandler, 
1705,  and  Map.  In  the  n.  w.  part  of  Colchester,  at  the  fork 
of  Salmon  with  Blackledge's  (Fawn)  river.  See  Shaimvunk, 
and  Natchaug. 

?A$1i  Helot,  mod.  Ashawil'let ;  a  tract  of  land  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  North  Stonington.  [Cf.  Ashuelot,  Keene,  N.  H.] 

AshoWUffhcummociee  (Moh.) :  "a  woody  island  against 
Capt.  Mason's  island  at  Mistick,"  granted  by  the  townsmen 
of  Pequot  (New  London)  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Blinman,  1654. 
Miss  Caulkins's  New  London,  8 1.  The  name  means  '  half-way 
place '  or  '  between-place,'  nashaue-komuk,  i.  e.  between  the 
larger  island  and  the  main. 

An' pet  lie,  Aspatock,  Ashp- :  river  in  New  Milford. 
Its  e.  and  w.  branches  unite  not  far  north  of  the  borough, 
and  run  to  the  Housatonic.  The  name,  which  means  '  high 
place,'  '  a  height,'  (ashpolitag,  Eliot)  was  transferred  to  the 
river  from  some  elevation  near  it  —  probably  from  the  ridge 
which  divides  its  branches  ;  "  Aspatuck  hill,"  New  Milford 
Rec.,  i.  48.  "  Romanock,  sachem  of  Aspetock"  "land  called 
Aspitock,"  1660;  ^Aspetaug  river,  1687.  Col.  Rec.,  iii.  283; 
ii.  139,  231. 

[2.     Aspetong:  a  bold  eminence,  in  Bedford,  N.  Y.] 

Aspon'ock,  Anpin'ock :  "  a  plain  east  from  the  dwelling 
of  Lieut.  Aspinwall "  (in  Killingly)  in  1708:  transferred 
from  this  plain  to  the  river  otherwise  called  Maanexit  (q.  v.) 
and  Quinebaug :  "  east  side  of  Quinebaug,  alias  Aspinock 
river."  Deed  of  1699,  in  Miss  Larned's  Windham  Co.,  i. 
161.  "The  valley  of  the  Quinebaug,  extending  from  the 
Great  Falls,  now  in  Putnam,  to  Lake  Mashapaug."  Ibid. 

The  meaning  of  the  name  is  not  certain ;  perhaps  the 
equivalent  of  Sebonack  (or  Seaponock),  in  Southampton, 
L.  I., — from  sipunnak  'ground  nuts,'  Indian  potatoes,  or 
other  edible  roots  ;  perhaps,  from  some  hill  or  '  high  land '  in 
the  vicinity,  tispunne-auke .  See  the  following  name. 

Asproom :  a  mountain  in  Ridgefield,  "  which  retains  its 
Indian  name,  meaning  'high'  or  'lofty,'"  —  says  Rev.  S. 
Goodrich,  MS.  account  of  Ridgefield,  1800.  If  this  was  the 


meaning,  the  name  is  corrupted ;  though  its  derivation  may 
be  traced  —  by  allowing  for  variations  of  dialect  —  from  the 
root  (ashp,  asp,}  of  Mass,  uspunnumun  'elevated.'  'lifted 
high,'  and  Delaware  aspenummen ;  Abnaki  ispi're,  etc. 

Atchuiiberinuck.     See  Chabunnuck. 

[Attawaugan  :  the  name  of  a  factory  and  factory-village 
in  Killingly,  on  Assawogga  river.  Not  an  Indian  place-name.] 

AuJewtribuinsk  (Moh.),  Awcumbucks  (Narr.) :  "a  place 
in  the  heart  of  the  Pequot  country  "  (Roger  Williams,  1637) ; 
the  residence  of  the  chief  Pequot  sachem,  before  the  coming 
of  the  English  (Uncas's  Genealogy,  1679). 

Auque&atuck,  mod.  Owib'etuck  hill:  on  the  n.  e.  line 
of  Lebanon,  partly  in  Windham. 

2.  Ocquebitiick  hill ;  "partly  in  Ashford  and  partly  in 
Union."  C.  A.,  Towns  and  Lands,  vii.  56.  Comp.  Webotuck 
( Weepatuck)  ;  Aquebapaug. 

AwrffH  f/eff  t  H <'/,'.     See  Araugacutack. 

'.' Aiislt' ftook ;  mod.  Ausbrook'  and  OisJi  brook:  a  point  of 
land  in  Stonington,  west  of  the  mouth  of  the  Pawcatuck 
river.  Perhaps,  not  derived  from  the  Indian :  but  compare 
the  following  name. 

A/i?/osfH/>xiH'/,'  (Moh.) :  the  outlet  of  a  pond  now  called 
Wyassup,  in  the  no.  part  of  North  Stonington  ;  the  s.  e. 
bound  of  the  Mohegan  country.  Chandler's  Survey,  1705. 
"  Asupsuck  was  Pequot  land,  and  Hyems's  land  lay  north  of 
Pequot  land,"  Pequot  Ind.  Testim.  in  T.  &  Lands,  ii.  188. 
Ayasupsuck,  Col.  Rec.,  iii.  149.  Both  Wyassnp-suck  (A/iyosup} 
and  AusJipook  may  have  come  from  Mass,  and  Narr.  as/tap, 
hasJiap,  wild  hemp,  flax,  or  other  vegetable  fibre  used  for 
making  nets,  etc. ;  the  latter  name  representing  nshdp-ank 
'place  of  hemp'  (or  wild  flax;  literally,  'net-stuff');  and  the 
former,  dshdp-suck,  'hemp  brook.'  [The  name,  hasliap,  or 
nshfip,  originally  generic,  seems  to  have  been  specially  appro- 
priated to  the  Indian  hemp,  Apocymim  cannalnnnin,  Mich.] 
The  termination  suck  denotes  the  'outlet'  of  the  pond,  i.  e., 
the  brook  which  flows  from  it  to  Ashawog  river. 

Htnift/in  (-om,  -nin),  li</nf(f/tfiin,  etc. :  a  name  given 
to  the  place  at  which  Litchfielcl  was  settled  ;  afterwards, 


8 

to  'The  Great  Pond'  and  river  in  that  township.  This 
name  does  not  appear  in  the  Indian  deed  of  the  territory, 
1715-16,  but  the  order  of  Court,  May,  1719,  authorizes  the 
settlement  of  "  a  place  called  Bantam  ;  "  and  in  the  first  deed 
recorded  in  Litchfield  town  records,  May,  1719,  the  plantation 
is  called  Bantaham.  "  Bantam  river"  was  so  denominated  in 
1720,  but  the  pond,  in  the  early  records,  is  simply  'the  Great 
Pond.'  The  Rev.  Azel  Backus  (MS.  Hist,  of  Bethlem,  1812) 
states  that  "  Shippaug  or  Great  Pond  was  the  Indian  name  of 
Litchfield  pond  and  gave  the  name  to  the  river." 

If  Bantaham  or  Bantam  is  of  Indian  origin  —  which  is 
nearly  certain  —  it  must  be  a  corruption  of  pedntam  (Narr. 
peyauritam)  'he  prays'  or  'praying,'  a  word  used  to  designate 
a  Christian  Indian  ;  and  it  may  have  been  an  appellation  of 
the  local  sagamore,  or  of  Weramaug,  the  sachem  of  New 
Milford.  As  a  place-name,  it  is  analogous  to  Nonantam,  i.  e. 
'he  blesses,'  the  village  in  which  Eliot's  first  Indian  converts 
were  gathered. 

?Candoto:  the  High  Ridge  which  gives  a  name  to 
Ridgefield.  Rev.  S.  Goodrich's  MS.  Account  of  Ridgefield, 
1802.  Otherwise  written,  Candatowa,  or  "Caudatowa,  signi- 
fying high  land,"  as  tradition  asserts  (Pease  &  Niles's 
Gazetteer,  192);  and  perhaps  related  to  (Mass.)  kodtuhkdc 
'  the  top  of  a  hill,'  '  highest  place.' 

Cfipaf/e:  a  place  on  the  west  side  of  Naugatuck  river, 
named  in  an  Indian  deed  of  1685.  For  kuppaug,  or  kobpog, 
'  place  enclosed '  or  '  shut  in '  ?  "  Possibly  the  narrows  in  the 
river,  at  Beacon  Hill,"  Dr.  Anderson  suggests,  in  Orcutt's 
Derby,  xcv.  The  same  name  perhaps  appears,  in  the  compo- 
sition of  " Achetaqupag  or  Marnscopag"  two  names  which 
occur  in  the  same  deed.  See  Cupheag. 

Cassiivtibque,  (Moh.) :  "a  great  ledge  of  rocks"  on  the 
w.  side  of  a  meadow  westward  of  a  small  swamp  called 
Cheshecantap ;  an  e.  bound  mark  of  a  tract  of  land  near  and 
south  of  Jeremy  Adams's  farm,  in  Colchester,  sold  by  Uncas, 
1683.  Moh.  Case,  p.  175.  In  Salem  or  Montville.  For 
Kttssukobske  =  Mass,  kussuhkoe-ompsk  '  high  rock.' 


Catantaquck  (Moh.) :  a  cedar  swamp  in  the  (ancient) 
bounds  of  Norwich  ;  now  in  n.  w.  corner  of  Griswold. 

Catumb'.     See  Ketumpscttt. 

Chabun'nuck,  Chabinnnt/h  (Moh.)  :  Chaubunnung- 
kne  (Chandler,  1 705).  A  pine  hill,  which  was  one  of  the  bound 
marks  in  the  e.  line  of  the  Mohegan  territory.  C.  Rec.,  iii.  149. 
Between  Griswold  and  Voluntown.  For  (Mass.)  chabenuk 
'that  which  divides/  'a  bound  mark.' 

2.  Atchfiubenuck,  Atshaboonnuck :  the  s.  e.  corner 
bound  of  Quinebaug  lands.  Indian  Testimony,  1701,  in  C. 
Rec.  Lands,  ii.  308.  It  adjoined  the  Narraganset  country. 

Chavibunakonykotniik  (Eliot,  1668),  Chab' anakong - 
komun  (D.  Gookin) :  an  Indian  town  in  the  Nipmuck  country, 
no.  of  the  great  pond  in  Webster,  Mass.,  near  the  Connecticut 
line.  Contracted  to  Chanagongum,  C.  Rec.,  ii.  453.  The 
name,  as  written  by  Eliot,  means  "a  boundary  place."  The 
great  pond  was  called  Chaubunakungamaug,  i.  e.  'boundary 
fishing-place,'  or  '  fishing-place  at  the  boundary.'  The  name 
which  this  pond  bears  on  some  modern  maps,  "  Char-gog- 
ga-gog-man-chog-a-gog"  retains  only  a  suggestion  of  its 
original  and  incorporates  with  it  the  name  of  the  Indian 
village  of  MonuJichogok.  See  Manchaug. 

VChaubonyum :  a  small  pond  about  half  a  mile  south 
from  Chaubunakongkomuk,  so  named  in  a  deed  of  1684 ; 
near  the  n.  e.  corner  of  Thompson.  Miss  E.  D.  Larned,  MS. 

VCheeapschad' dock :  a  place  east  of  Shetucket  river  ; 
now  in  Preston.  Miss  F.  A.  Caulkins,  MS. 

Checheckuessutt  (Moh.) :  a  brook,  on  the  east  side  of 
Pawcatuck  river,  near  land  of  Thomas  Bell  and  Edw.  Larkin 
(now  in  Westerly,  R.  I.)  was  "so  called  by  the  Indians." 
Stonington  Rec.  Lands,  i.  88. 

Cheebeantupt*  (Moh.) :  a  hill  in  the  e.  part  of  Colchester 
(now  Salem),  so  named  in  Oweneco's  deed  to  John  Prentiss, 
1703.  Chepiantup,  Colch.  T.  Rec.,  1705.  Chepiontup  means 
'  a  skull '  (literally, '  a  separated  head ').  Round  Hill,  in  Salem  ? 

Cheek  heck  (Moh.  or  Nipm.) :  a  bound-mark  in  the  no. 
line  of  the  Wabaquasset  country  (1684),  next  easterly  from 
Natick  hill,  the  n.  w.  corner.  C.  Rec.,  iii.  150. 

2 


10 

s  hill:  near  the  head  of  Mystic  river,  on  the 
Groton  side ;  so.  of  Lamb's  brook.  E.  Culver  sold  his  farm 
of  Ckepadoso,  to  John  Lamb,  1663.  Ckepadas,  Pres.  Stiles's 
MS.,  1762. 

OlGShec&ntap  S  see  Cassacubque.  Possibly,  by  an  error 
of  the  recorder,  for  Cheebeeantap  (see  Cheebeantups),  the 
name  of  a  hill  in  the  vicinity. 

ChesecJtiiclmiHHck  (Moh.) :  hill,  extending  no.  and  so. 
nearly,  not  far  from  Oxopaugsuck  pond,  crossing  the  path 
from  Mohegan  to  Hartford,  1698.  Moh.  Case,  249.  Al. 
Chosechah-cnmmock  (Miss  F.  M.  Caulkins).  Near  the  west 
line  of  Montville.  See  the  next  following  name. 

?Chee*echtin AY/  in.nck :  the  e.  branch  of  Farmington 
river,  in  Hartland.  C.  R.  Lands,  iii.  264.  K' che-chickamaug? 
'the  great  fishing-place  at  the  weir.'  Comp.  Chickamug; 
Skunkamug ;  Ouschankamaug. 

Chick' atniiff :  a  fishing  place  on  Pawcatuck  river  where 
(as  the  name  denotes)  the  Indians  had  '  a  weir' ;  not  far  above 
the  present  bridge  connecting  Stonington  with  Westerly, 
R.  I.  Ston.  T.  Rec.,  1671. 

\Chickemoxen  creek,  in  Maryland,  which  flows  into  the 
Potomac  below  Washington,  is  another  'fishing-place  at  a 
weir.'] 

Chip'2i(ichaiif/,Chippichiiock  (Moh.):  Mason's  Island, 
in  Mystic  Bay.  Hist.  New  London,  78,  80 ;  Col.  Rec.,  i. 
224.  Chepechewag,  Thos.  Minor's  MS.  1664.  The  name 
denotes  a  'place  separated'  or  'apart.' 

[Chippachooafjj  Chepachewug,  in  the  Narraganset 
country  (Potter's  Hist,  of  Narrag.,  70,  225),  now  in  So. 
Kingstown,  R.  I.,  and  Chipchug,  a  pond  said  by  the  Indians 
to  be  the  head  of  Pawcatuck  river  (id.,  266  ;  Col.  Rec.,  iii. 
275),  "probably  either  Sherman's  or  Teft's  pond,  in  So. 
Kingstown"  (Parsons  Ind.  Names,  12),  are  other  forms  of 
the  same  name.  Chepachet  (the  name  of  a  river  and  village 
in  Rhode  Island,)  is  nearly  equivalent,  but  denotes  a  '  place 
of  separation,'  i.  e.  'where  [the  stream]  divides.'] 

VChocomount:  a  hill  on  Fisher's  Island.  Coast  Survey 
Map.  Not  Indian  or,  unless  much  corrupted,  of  Indian  origin. 


II 

Coassalftuck,  Coivissat'tuck,  mod.  Cosad'uck  (Moh.) : 
a  hill,  and  land  about  it,  in  North  Stonington,  n.  e.  from 
Wintechog  hill.  Ston.  T.  Rec.,  1663-66.  For  kowas-htugk 
'pine-wood,'  or  'pine  trees.' 

Cochik'uack  (Moh.) :  "  a  wild  dashing  brook  which 
issued  from  a  small  pond  in  Montville  and  flowed  s.  e.  into  the 
Thames  river.  In  the  lower  part  of  its  course  this  stream  was 
called  by  the  English,  Saw-mill  brook."  Hist.  New  London, 
123,  124.  The  upper  part  was  called  Oxopaugsuck  (which 
see).  Al.  Cokichiwake,  Col.  Rec.,  1663;  Caukitchewonk,  C. 
A.  '  Indians,'  i.  6.  Mass.  diek£  (intensive,  chacheke,  cachek£,) 
means  'violent/  'forcible';  and  the  name  denotes  a  violent 
or,  as  described,  "a  wild,  dashing"  stream.  [The  same  name 
occurs  in  Massachusetts,  under  the  forms,  Cockichowicke, 
Coojetawick,  Coijchawick,  CocJtittawake,  etc.,  at  Andover,  and 
on  Sudbury  river  (Mass.  Rec.,  i.  141,  290,  305)  and  has  been 
transferred,  as  Cochituate,  to  the  source  of  that  stream.] 

Cockam^ong'f  Comonck>:  Byram  river,  betw.  Connec- 
ticut and  New  York.  Bolton's  Westchester  Co.,  i.  2.  Al. 
Armonck.  The  meaning  of  the  prefix  is  uncertain.  One  or 
more  syllables  may  have  been  lost.  Armonck,  among,  omonck, 
probably  stand  for  -amang '  fishing-place ' ;  and  Cockamong  may 
represent  an  original  Chickamaug  (q.  v.). 

?Cocka2>on'set,  mod.  P unset :  brook,  and  tract  of  land, 
in  Haddam.  Barber's  Hist.  Coll.,  p.  515. 

Cockenoes  Island :  off  Westport,  near  the  mouth  of 
Saugatuck  river  :  so  called  from  its  Indian  proprietor,  Cockeno, 
Cockenon,  or  Chachanen.  In  the  deed  to  the  proprietors  of 
Norwalk,  1652,  he  is  called  "Cockenoe  de  Long  Island"  (see 
Hall's  Norwalk,  35);  and  this  seems  to  identify  him  with 
"  CJickanoe,  an  Indian  of  Menhansick  [Shelter]  Island," 
named  in  Col.  Rec.,  iii.  476. 

?Coddank:  land  of  Nehem.  Smith,  at  Poquonock  (in 
Groton),  1720.  Miss  F.  M.  Caulkins,  MS.  Perhaps  (like 
Cuttyhunk)  a  contraction  of  Poquctannoc,  which  see. 

Coginchaiifl :  now  Durham.  The  name  was  applied  by 
the  English  to  a  tract  of  low  land  west  of  the  village,  on  both 
sides  of  the  little  river;  and  tradition  interprets  it,  "long 


12 

swamp."  Al.  Caivkinchawg,  1672  ;  Caivgcnchaug,  Col.  Rec., 
1687;  KaquinsJuingc,  John  Cook's  Will,  1705. 

?Com'po :  a  neck  of  land  at  the  entrance  of  Saugatuck 
river,  now  in  Westport.  Compawc,  C.  Rec.,  1708. 

Com! pounce  (for  Compound's)  pond  ;  in  the  n.  w.  part 
of  Southington,  so  called  from  a  Tunxis  Indian  known  to  the 
English  as  John  Acompound,  or  Compound.  He  joined  in 
the  deeds  of  sale  by  the  "native  proprietors  "  to  the  planters 
of  Mattatuck  (Waterbury)  in  1674  and  1684.  Bronson's 
Waterbury,  10,  62  ;  Orcutt's  Derby,  xxxiii. 

Conaytuck  brook  :  in  Preston,  on  land  sold  by  Oweneco 
to  Samuel  Amos,  1685  ;  al.  Connoughtng.  Miss  F.  M. 
Caulkins's  Norwich,  244,  247.  Comp.  Quonatuck, 

Cony  amuck :  pond  at  n.  w.  corner  of  Suffield,  partly  in 
Massachusetts.  Conguamock,  on  Blodgett's  Map.  Perhaps  the 
same  as  Wonococomang,  included  in  J.  Pynchon's  conveyance 
to  Suffield.  The  last  two  syllables  (=amaug)  may  denote  a 
fishing-place  ;  but  quon(  =  koii)-komuk  means  'long  house'  or 
'long  enclosed-place.' 

Connecticut:  land  'on  the  long  tidal-river.'  See  Quin- 
nehtukqut. 

?Corum :  a  tract  in  the  s.  e.  part  of  Huntington  (formerly, 
in  Stratford),  so.  of  Huntington  landing,  in  a  bend  of  the 
Housatonic.  Corant  hill,  Col.  Rec.,  1680. 

Cosadfuck.     See  Coassat'tuck. 

Cos' cob :  a  neck  of  land,  in  the  s.  e.  part  of  Greenwich. 
The  Mianus  river  flows  into  Coscob  harbor,  on  the  w.  side  of 
which  is  Coscob  village.  The  name,  denoting  a  '  high  rock,' 
(comp.  Cassacubque)  was- perhaps  transferred  from  the  bluff 
west  of  Strickland's  brook,  near  the  Indian  village.  See 
Mead's  Greenwich,  18,  48,  87. 

Cosson' nacock :  in  the  n.  w.  part  of  Lyme ;  Selden's  cove, 
or  a  tract  of  land  near  it.  Al.  Cossounriacock,  Cassomacock, 
etc.  C.  Rec.  Lds.,  i.  302,  304;  C.  Arch.  '  Industry,'  ii.  283. 

Cotvamps,  Cowomsqite:  east  of,  "on  the  south  side 
of  Potatuck  "  river,  and  "  about  three  miles  below  Potatuck." 
C.  R.  Lands,  iii.  389,  391  ;  Stratf.  Rec.,  1672.  In  Newtown  ? 
The  second  syllable  (=  ompsk.}  means  '  rock ' ;  the  former,  may 


13 

stand  for  koil '  sharp' ;  but  Roger  Williams  gives  (Narr.)  cau'- 
ompsk  "  a  whetstone  "  ;  rather,  a  rock  suitable  for  whetstones. 

Cowas'sit,  Cowis'sick  (Moh.) :  transferred  from  a  tract 
of  land  near  Blackwell's  brook  (in  Brooklyn  and  Canterbury) 
to  the  brook  itself.  C.  Rec.  Lands,  ii.  203  ;  Hi.  31.  It 
designates  a  '  place  of  small  pine-trees.' 

Cowwaus  (Moh.) :  a  rugged  tract  west  of  the  road  from 
New  London  to  Mohegan.  Hist,  of  N.  London,  122.  'Pine 
land,'  from  koua  (kowmv,  R.  Williams^  '  pine  tree,'  kowawese, 
'  a  young  pine '  (R.  W.)  or  '  small  pine.' 

Cowautacuck  (Moh.)  river,  e.  of  Shetucket,  no.  westerly 
from  North  Stonington  bounds,  1670.  Al.  Kewoutaquak, 
Kewautatuck,  Kewattuck,  Cowawattucke,  C.  R.  Lands,  i. 
293,  294;  iv.  142.  Choate's  brook,  or  Broa'd  brook,  in 
Preston?  Kowaw-tugk-ank,  'pine-wood  land.' 

Cowissick.     See  Cowassit. 

Cupheay :  Stratford.  CiipJiege,  Col.  Rec.,  i.  52,  62.  The 
name  denotes  a  '  harbor,'  or  '  place  of  shelter ' ;  literally,  a 
'  place  shut  in.'  Mass,  knppi,  '  closed/  kobpog  '  haven,' 
'harbor';  Narr.  aukup  'a  cove.'  Comp.  Capage.  [We  have 
an  equivalent  of  this  name  in  Quebec  ;  and  also,  in  the  modern 
Cape  Poge  (formerly,  Capcack,  Cafiawack,  etc.)  on  Martha's 
Vineyard.] 

Cup' pacom' muck  (Moh.) :  a  swamp  in  the  s.  w.  part  of 
Ledyard,  called  by  the  English  the  Pine,  or  Mast,  swamp. 
Roger  Williams  gives  the  meaning  of  the  name  :  "  a  refuge, 
or  hiding  place"  (3  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  i.  160,  163).  Literally 
'  a  close  place,'  kuppi-komnk.  Eliot  wrote  kuppohkomuk  for 
a  '  haven.'  Ohomowauke  (which  see)  was  another  Pequot 
name  for  this  swamp  or  one  of  its  recesses. 

Cup'punnauf/unnit:  mentioned  by  Roger  Williams, 
1637,  as  a  place  "  in  the  midway  between  Pequatit  and 
Nayantackick"  (4  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  vi.  200),  that  is,  between 
Mystic  and  Pawcatuck  rivers,  in  Stonington.  The  precise 
locality  is  not  known.  The  name  seems  to  be  compounded 
of  kuppi  'close/  and  wunnauguu  '  dish  'or  '  bowl,'  with  the 
locative  termination,  -/'/;  designating  an  enclosed  ('shut  in') 
hollow,  or  bowl-shaped  depression  of  the  land. 


14 


J£o8eoheagef  EwolH'ay,  Wisteria:  in  the  s.  w.  part 
of  West  Greenwich,  R.  I.,  near  the  Connecticut  line.  On 
modern  maps,  the  name  is  given  to  a  hill  or  high  ridge.  Dr. 
Parsons  supposed  it  to  signify  the  "  origin  of  three  rivers." 
Ind.  Names  in  R.  I.,  14.  It  appears  to  be  a  corrupt  contrac- 
tion of  a  name  elsewhere  written,  Neastoqualieaganuck,  q.  v. 

JSf/mtk  (Moh.)  :  a  long  hill  or  ridge,  stretching  northerly 
from  the  no.  part  of  Voluntown,  near  the  line  between  Plain- 
field  and  Sterling,  mostly  within  the  bounds  of  the  last- 
named  town.  The  village  of  Sterling  Hill  is  on  the  highest 
part  of  this  ridge.  The  east  line  of  the  Mohegan  country 
ran  through  Egunk.  From  Pawtuckquachooge,  near  the 
no.  end  of  the  hill,  "  a  great  spring  issues  out,  and  runs  down 
to  Moosup's.  river."  Chandler's  Survey,  1705:  probably,  the 
brook  now  called  Egunk  brook,  in  the  s.  e.  part  of  Plainfield. 

ISgunk-SOnkapOUg  (Moh.)  :  i.e.  Egunk  cool-spring  ;  a 
"great  cold  spring,"  on  Egunk  hill.  Chandler's  Survey,  1705. 
It  was  a  bound  mark  in  the  east  line  of  the  Mohegan  country. 
Moh.  Case,  48. 

Elat  (Nipm.)  :  one  of  the  w.  bounds  of  the  Wabaquasset 
country,  1684  ;  next  northerly  from  Mashenups  (see  Mosh- 
eimpsuck],  between  Tolland  and  Ellington.  Col.  Rec.,  iii. 
156;  C.  R.  Lands,  ii.  118,  119. 

Gunyyivamps,  Gnngewaunks  (Moh.)  :  a  high  rugged 
hill,  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  Ledyard,  not  far  from  the  Groton 
line.  Hist.  New  London,  123.  Probably  for  qun'nukqompsk 
'  high  rock.' 

Hammonds'  set  (Moh.)  :  with  locative  prefix,  At'hamon- 
as'set  and  Wnt-hamonasset  :  Clinton  (so.  part  of  old  Killing- 
worth)  and  the  river  which  bounds  it  on  the  west.  Hamonossit, 
Homonoscitt,  Col.  Rec.,  i.  401  ;  Athemonosseck,  Wm.  Leete, 
1665.  In  Uncas's  deed  to  Saybrook,  1666,  the  land  (or  some 
locality)  near  the  river  is  called  Woothomonasak,  and  the  river 
is  Homonasuk.  In  the  record  of  Uncas's  deed  of  1641, 
Muttomonassak  is,  probably,  an  error  of  the  copyist,  for 
WutJiommonassak  ;  the  prefix  wut-  meaning  'at,'  'to,'  or  'on.' 

Has'  sawas'  sue.     See  Assawassuc. 

Hiy'yanomp'os,  Higgamitn.     See  Tomheganomset  . 


Hocfcan  ant :  a  tract  of  land,  and  the  stream  which 
bounds  it,  in  East  Hartford.  Col.  Rec.,  i.  8.  The  name 
means  '  hook  shaped,'  '  a  hook.'  (A  change  in  the  bed  of 
Connecticut  has  taken  away  the  '  hook.'  See  the  ancient 
course  of  the  river,  in  Barber's  Hist.  Collections,  p.  113.) 

2.  A  district  in  Westport,  e.  of  Saugatuck  river,  no.  of 
Dead  Man's  brook. 

3.  A  brook  which  runs  southerly  into  Lebanon    brook, 
about   a   mile   east   of   Naugatuck    river   at    Beacon    Falls. 
Orcutt's  Derby,  xciv. 

?Hockcuioatico.  See  letter  from  Major  John  Mason, 
in  1659,  in  4  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  vii.  423. 

Hokonkatnonk :  a  pond  in  Salisbury.  C.  Rec.  Lands, 
iv.  448.  It  seems  to  be  the  southern  of  the  "Twin  Lakes," 
—  now  called  "  Washinee."  In  the  deed  of  Weatauk,  by 
"Mahekander"  Indians,  1719,  the  bounds  begin  w.  of  Housa- 
tonic  river,  at  the  falls  ;  thence,  up  the  river  "  to  a  little  run 
of  water  which  comes  in  at  a  turn  of  the  said  river;"  thence, 
up  the  river  to  a  lake  called  Hokonkamok ;  thence  straight  to 
the  end  of  a  hill  called  Wetautanwaclion  [i.  e.  Weatauk 
mountain] ;  thence,  along  said  hill  to  the  first  bound.  (See 
Panaheconnok) 

Housaton'uCf  mod.  Housatonic  river.  The  termination 
of  this  name  shows  that,  originally,  it  did  not  belong  to  the 
river,  but  was  transferred  from  a  particular  locality  or  tract 
of  land.  Eunice  Mahwee  (or  Mauwehu),  the  last  full-blood 
survivor  of  the  Scaticook  band,  in  1859,  pronounced  the  name, 
"Hous'atenuc,"  and  interpreted  it,  "over  the  mountain."  See 
Memorial  of  Moravian  Missions  in  N.  Y.  and  Conn.,  p.  75. 
This  agrees  with  the  interpretation  that  was  given  to  President 
D wight :  "The  river  beyond  the  mountain  ;"  and  is  sustained 
by  analysis  ;  wtissi  (Delaware  awussi ;  Chip,  wassa,  watts' - 
sn/i ;  Abnaki  azvas,  or  oose)  meaning  '  beyond,'  '  on  the  other 
side  of  ;  aderie  '  mountain  ';  and  -uk  '  place,'  '  land.'  Comp. 
Abnaki  a-wassadent  "  au  dela,  derriere  la  montagne,"  and 
oosadenighe  "au  dessus  de  la  montagne"  (Rale). 

The  tradition  received  by  the  Scaticook  Indians,  of  the 
discovery  of  the  river  and  valley  by  those  who  came  "  over 


i6 

the  mountain"  from  the  west,  establishes  this  interpretation, 
beyond  reasonable  doubt. 

Among  innumerable  forms  which  this  name  has  assumed 
are  the  following :  Housetunack,  1676  (Col.  Rec.,  ii.  466,  472) ; 
Ousatunick  (ibid.,  469);  Ansotunnoog  (Hubbard's  Ind.  Wars, 
109,  no)  ;  Housea  Tunnic,  1738  (Plat  of  Pittsfield) ;  Westen- 
huc  (the  Moravian  Mission  station,  near  Great  Barrington, 
Mass.)  ;  House  of  Tunrtuck !  (C.  Rec.  Lands,  iii.  300)  ;  Wes- 
tonock,  Westanock,  etc.  For  Indian  names  of  portions  of  the 
river  and  of  certain  localities  on  it,  see  Potatuck,  Paugasset, 
Weantinock,  Metichawon. 

?  Keheketookosook :  North  Pond  in  Goshen,  near  the 
Norfolk  line  ;  one  of  the  sources  of  Naugatuck  river.  L.  M. 
Norton's  MS.  Account  of  Goshen,  1812.  This  name  must 
have  belonged  to  the  stream  which  flows  from  the  pond 
(Moh.  sook  'outlet'),  not  to  the  pond  itself.  In  the  shape  it 
comes  to  us,  it  is  untranslatable. 

Kenunckpacooke :  "  Nepato  of  Kenunckpacooke"  1716, 
joined  "  Weravvaug  of  Oweantunnuck "  (New  Milford),  in  a 
sale  of  land,  on  Housatonic  river,  no.  of  New  Milford  bounds. 
N.  Milf.  Rec.,  i.  73.  The  name,  as  it  stands,  means  '  land  at 
high-pond '  (qununkque-pang-auke)  ;  but  it  is  possible  that  the 
first  syllable  is  corrupt.  Comp.  Wonunkapaugkook. 

Kettimpuciit:  President  Stiles,  on  the  authority  of 
Adam  Babcock,  Esq.,  in  1761,  gave  this  as  the  Indian  name 
of  "  the  west  end  of  Fisher's  Island ; "  but  it  originally 
belonged  at  the  east  end  (mod.  Catnmb  reef)  and  means  'at 
the  great  rock,'  keht-ompsk-ut. 

Kewoutaquak:  see  Cowautacnck. 

?Kissenauff :  "  the  name  of  a  pond  [now  called  "  Long 
Meadow  Pond"]  in  the  so.  part  of  Midcllebury,  near  the 
Naugatuck  line."  Wm.  Cothren,  Esq.  (MS.)  Mod.  Kissawaug, 
as  the  name  of  a  school  district  in  Middlebury. 

VKisnop  brook :  flows  from  North  Pond  in  Salisbury, 
northerly,  across  the  State  line,  uniting  with  Hubbard's 
brook,  in  Sheffield,  Mass.  Hist.  Berksh.  Co.,  25.  Mod.  map, 
"  Schenob  brook."  (This  form  would  refer  the  name  to 


17 

mshenups  '  great  pond '  (comp.  Moshenup-suck)  or  k'chenups 
'  greatest  pond ; '  but  see  Sconnoups.  "  Kisnop  "  is  unmeaning.) 

?Kittemaug :  on  the  w.  side  of  the  Thames  river,  in 
Montville.  The  name  (kehte-amaug)  means  'great  fishing- 
place,'  but  its  appropriation  to  the  locality  which  now  bears 
it,  is  questionable  —  and,  probably,  modern. 

Kongscut,  mod.  Skutikscut:  a  range  of  hills  in 
Glastonbury,  a  little  east  of  the  centre  of  the  town.  Glast. 
Centenn.,  17.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of  kogsuhkoag-ut  'at  the 
high  place  '  or  '  hill.'  Certainly  not  "  goose  country,"  as  Dr. 
Chapin  imagined,  1.  c. 

ILonK a/pot's  river,  enters  North  Canaan  from  Sheffield, 
Mass.,  and  bending  northward  enters  the  Housatonic,  in 
Sheffield.  2.  Konkapofs  brook,  runs  northerly  into  the 
Housatonic,  in  the  s.  e.  part  of  Stockbriclge,  Mass.  Named 
from  "Captain  Konkapot,"  a  chief  of  the  Stockbridge  or 
Housatonic  Indians,  who  lived  near  this  brook.  In  1724,  he 
joined  in  the  sale  of  the  territory  comprising  the  "  upper  and 
lower  Housatonic  townships."  His  captain's  commission 
was  given  him  by  Governor  Belcher,  in  1734.  He  may  have 
been  related  to  Cockapatana  (Konkapatanauh,  Konkapof),  a 
sachem  of  the  Paugasset  Indians,  who  lived  near  the  mouth 
of  Naugatuck  river,  and  was  a  signer  of  several  deeds  of 
lands  in  Derby,  between  1678  and  1711.  See  Orcutt's 
Derby,  xxv,  xl. 

Konom'ok*    See  Taubakonommok. 

l\  ttttutucfc :  Blackstone  river.  "  The  great  river  called 
Kuttatuck  or  Nipmug  river,"  so  named  in  the  first  deed  of 
the  Nipmuck  country,  by  the  Natick  Indians,  in  1681. 
Kehtetuk  means  'great'  or  'principal  river.' 

[Kehteliticut  (=  kehtetuk-ut},  a  famous  fishing  place  '  on 
the  great  river'  near  Taunton,  Mass.,  was  abbreviated  and 
corrupted  to  Teightaquid,  Teghtacutt,  etc.,  and  finally  to 
Titicut,  as  the  name  of  a  village  in  Midclleborough.] 

M«<inejcit.     See  Mayanexit. 

'.' M<ibauttiniintncknnck:  a  name  given,  in  a  deed 
from  Turramuggus,  1673,  to  a  hill  in  the  s.  e.  part  of 
Glastonbury.  Glast.  Centenn.,  16.  The  termination  (suck) 

3 


i8 

shows  that  the  name  properly  belongs  to  some  brook  or 
'  outlet '  of  a  pond. 

M(t<-/i'<'inoo<r  HS :  East  Haddam,  particularly  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  town,  near  "  Mount  Tom."  The  name,  which  is 
popularly  interpreted  "  the  place  of  noises,"  is  variously  writ- 
ten in  early  records:  Machmadouset  (1671),  Machamadoset 
( 1 674),  Machamoodns  ( 1 69 1 ),  Matchit  Moodus,  etc .  Contracted 
to  Moodus,  it  gives  name  to  a  branch  of  Salmon  River,  and 
to  a  manufacturing  village.  Concerning  the  "  Moodus  noises," 
see  Trumbull's  Hist,  of  Conn.,  ii.  91,  92  ;  Barber's  Hist.  Coll., 
525-7.  Matche-m&dose  means  '  there  is  a  bad  noise;'  with 
the  locative  affix,  Matchemddoset  '  at  the  place  of  bad  noises.' 

Mach' emu,*'  (1648)  and  "  Maxamns,  alias  Bankside,"  in 
Fairfield,  1666.  Col.  Rec.,  ii.  58;  iii.  123.  Perhaps  a  corrup- 
tion of  Mahachemos,  from  the  name  of  a  Norwalk  Indian, 
who  joined  in  the  deeds  to  Roger  Ludlow  and  Capt.  Patrick, 
in  1640.  Hall's  Norwalk,  30,  31.  See  Muchuncoks. 

Machepaconaponsuck:  in  the  e.  bounds  of  the 
Quinebaug  lands  sold  by  Hyums,  "  very  near  to  Wiskquaten- 
nioge  or  the  n.  e.  corner."  In  Coventry  or  Foster,  R.  I.  ? 

Machi-mucket  (1702).     See  Mashamoquet. 

J^fakoron:  a  swamp  in  Stratford,  1660.  Stratford  T. 
Records. 

Magonck,  Maguttk  (Moh.)  :  on  the  Great  Neck  in 
Waterford,  between  Alewife  and  Jordan  coves,  "  a  little  to 
the  eastward  of  a  gully  of  water  by  the  sea."  Conn.  Rec., 
Lands,  ii.  247.  Probably  for  mogkunk  '  a  great  tree.'  Roger 
Williams,  in  1638,  mentions  Mangunckakuck  [=  mogkunkak- 
auke  '  place  of  great  trees ']  as  the  name  of  a  Pequot  town 
between  "  Pequt  Nayantaquit  "  and  "  Sauquonckackock  " 
(q.  v.)  4  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  vi.  251. 

Magunkahquog,  Makunkokoag,  Magunkook  (Nipm.) : 
a  tract  of  about  3000  acres,  principally  in  Hopkinton,  Mass., 
which  was  granted  by  Massachusetts,  to  be  occupied  by  the 
praying  Indians.  Gookin  (1674)  writes  the  name  of  the 
Indian  town,  Magunkaquog,  and  says  that  the  signification  of 
the  name  is  "  a  place  of  great  trees."  This  would  be  decisive, 
were  it  not  that  Eliot  —  who  could  not  be  mistaken  as  to  the 


19 

meaning  of  the  name  of  a  town  that  he  had  a  chief  hand  in 
planting  —  wrote,  in  1669  (MS.  Petition,  in  Library  of  N.  Y. 
Hist.  Society,)  " Magcoonkkomuk"  which  means  'the  place 
(or  town)  of  the  gift,"  i.  e.  '  granted  place,'  from  magmonk 
'  gift,'  and  komuk  '  place.'  Possibly  this,  the  original  name, 
had,  when  Gookin  wrote,  been  changed,  by  the  Indians 
themselves,  to  the  more  familiar  and  more  easily  pronounced 
Magunkook  '  place  of  the  great  tree,'  or  the  plural  Magunk- 
akook  (=  mogkunkak-auke)  '  place  of  great  trees.' 

Mnhantick,  Monhantick :  a  spruce  swamp  in  the  s. 
w.  part  of  Newtown,  close  to  the  so.  line.  Col.  Rec.  Lands, 
iv.  92  ;  C.  Archives,  T.  &  Lands,  viii.  327.  The  name  means 
"a  spruce  swamp,"  or  "cedar  swamp."  [Delaware,  menantac 
"  a  spruce,  cedar,  or  pine  swamp "  (Zeisberger) :  Abnaki 
mannandak-w,  cedar.] 

fMJatinanaeJe :  a  high  ridge  or  knoll,  in  Waterbury, 
"  said  to  have  been  an  Indian  camping  ground  ; "  s.  w.  of  the 
Town  Plot,  about  2  miles  from  the  centre  of  the  city.  Hist, 
of  Derby,  xcvi. 

Mamachimins,  -tnons:  a  small  Island  near  Norwalk. 
Hall's  Norwalk,  93,  97.  Perhaps  so  named  from  its  Indian 
proprietor  Mamechon  or  Mahackem,  who  joined  in  the  deed 
to  the  Norwalk  planters  (Ibid.  30,  31)  ;  Mamechon-minnis  = 
'  Mamechon's  little  island ' :  but  mamahchi-minnis  means  '  bar- 
ren,' 'waste'  or  'unoccupied'  little  island. 

Mamuchoay  brook,  in  New  London,  —  and  another  in 
Lyme,  —  were  so-called  by  the  English  settlers,  probably, 
from  their  abundance  of  the  small  fish  popularly  known  by 
a  corruption  of  their  Indian  name,  as  "  mummachogs." 

Mfitniicwk  (Moh.) :  i.  The  neck  of  land  in  New  London 
on  which  Fort  Trumbull  stands  :  al.  Mamaquack,  Mamacokk 
(N.  London  Records),  Ma-Jiam-le-cake,  "  where  Sacowaen,  a 
brother  of  Sassacus  "  lived,  1636  (Jona.  Brewster,  in  4  M.  H. 
C.,  vii.  68).  2.  "  A  neck  of  land  two  miles  up  the  [Thames] 
river  bore  the  same  name."  Hist.  New  London,  60,  122. 
Uncas  claimed  to  it  as  his  south  bounds  w.  of  the  river. 
Col.  Rec.,  iii.  512.  3.  A  creek  in  East  Lyme,  w.  of  Black 
Point.  It  receives  Robbins'  brook.  Lester's  Map  of  N.  L.  Co. 
Narr.  matimacock  '  a  great  hook '  (R.  Williams). 


20 

MaJtmanait-cIf,  Maum-  (Moh.) :  "  a  pond  about  a  mile 
long,  lying  n.  n.  e.  and  s.  s.  w.,"  about  a  mile  from  Ahyohsup- 
suck  (Wyassup)  northerly  (Chandler's  Survey):  now  Billings's 
Lake,  near  the  no.  line  of  North  Stonington.  But  a  survey 
of  Preston  bounds  in  1726  describes  "  Manmunsuck  "  as  "  a 
path  between  two  ponds  "  in  the  e.  line  of  Preston,  n.  7°  e., 
1 88  rods  from  S/iazvwunk  "  where  two  streams  meet."  Conn. 
Arch.,  T.  &  L.,  vii.  178.  This  was  near  the  present  east  line 
of  Griswold  (see  Shawwienk),  and  about  7  miles  north  of 
Billings's  Lake,  and  is  the  locality  which  Chandler  names 
"Mayomansuck?  one  of  Uncas's  e.  bounds.  The  two  names 
are  probably  equivalent,  denoting  a  '  place  where  two  streams 
meet,'  or  perhaps,  'a  brook  connecting  two  ponds.'  This 
prefix  means  '  to  bring  together,'  '  to  meet,'  and  the  suffix 
(suck)  is  '  brook '  or  '  outlet.' 

JUamanasco,  Mammasco :  a  pond  in  the  w.  part  of 
Ridgefield  ;  the  source  of  Titicus  brook.  Mammennsqnah, 
Rev.  S.  Goodrich,  1800.  Compare  — 

Jtfainanisknck  (Moh.) :  on  Pawcatuck  river ;  a  bound 
named  in  Soso's  deed  of  Misquamicut,  to  the  proprietors  of 
Westerly,  R.  I.  Westerly  Rec.,  i.  3. 

Mamaquaoy,  Momeagueg  (Moh.) :  a  tract  of  about  7000 
acres  "  to  the  n.  e.  of  Windham,"  claimed  by  Oweneco  in  1705. 
Moh.  Case,  30,  64,  67.  There  is  an  error  in  the  description 
as  printed,  and  '  south  east '  must  be  substituted  for  '  north 
east,'  of  Windham  ;  for,  as  described,  the  tract  would  fall  in 
Pomfret  or  Brooklyn.  It  was  betw.  the  Shetucket  and  Little 
rivers  ;  now  in  the  so.  part  of  Scotland  and  s.  e.  part  of 
Windham :  al.  Mawmiagwaug,  Maumeaquage,  etc.  Wind. 
Recs.;  Col.  Rec.  Lands,  ii.  104,  no;  C.  A.,  T.  &  L.,  ii.  278. 

2.  Meanmaquaug  brook  runs  so.  from  Hopkinton,  R.  I.,  to 
Pawcatuck  river,  in  the  n.  w.  corner  of  Westerly.  Parsons, 
Ind.  Names,  p.  17.  On  modern  maps  (and  by  Parsons,  p.  27) 
this  brook  is  named  Tommaquang.  (Comp.  Mamacock, 
Momogeg-wetuck.} 

Mamaroneck :  a  town  in  Westchester  county,  N.  Y. : 
formerly,  Mamaroneck 's,  "  Mammarineckes "  (Cal.  N.  Y. 
Mss.,  p.  237).  Named  from  Mamaronock,  a  "chief  of  the 


21 

Wiquaeskeck  Indians."  (Ibid.,  87);  Moworronoke,Momoronah. 
Rec.  U.  Colonies. 

?Matinanpenokcan :  brook  running  into  the  w.  side 
of  Housatonic  river;  in  Sheffield?  Mass.  N.  E.  Hist.  & 
Geneal.  Reg.,  viii.  215. 

Manatuck :  "  a  high  bold  hill-top  in  Waterford,  com- 
manding a  fine  view  of  the  Sound."  Hist,  of  N.  London,  123. 

2.  A  hill  in  the  north-east  part  of  Granby.     Conn.  Arch., 
T.  &  L.,  vii.  63. 

3.  Mawnantuck,  Amonvntuck :  a  hill  in  the  so.  east  part 
of  Glastonbury.     See  Amonontitcksuck. 

The  name  denotes  a  '  place  of  observation,'  '  look  out,'  a 
place  for  seeing  (or  to  be  seen)  far  off.  Montauk  (L.  I.)  is 
probably  another  form  of  the  same  name  (and  not,  as  I 
formerly  believed  it  to  be,  from  manati  '  island ') :  "Mountacutt 
high  land "  it  was  called  in  the  Indian  conveyance  of 
Easthampton,  1648.  Thompson's  L.  Island,  181.  Manaticut 
or  Monatoquot  (Mass.  Rec.,  ii.  40),  the  name  appropriated  to 
a  small  river  in  Braintree,  Mass.,  may  have  the  same  meaning. 
See,  also,  Munnawtawkit. 

Manchauy :  a  village  of  Christian  Indians,  in  the 
Nipmuck  country,  about  8  miles  w.  of  Nipmuck  (Blackstone) 
river.  Gookin,  1674.  Formerly  in  Oxford,  Mass.  Now  the 
name  of  a  pond  between  Sutton  and  Douglas.  John  Eliot 
wrote  the  name,  Mdnuhchogok.  Mass.  Archives,  Indians,  i. 
146.  Roger  Williams,  1637,  mentions  the  "Monashackotoogs" 
as  Nipmucks  who  were  confederates  of  the  Pequots.  4  M. 
H.  Coll.,  vi.  194. 

Manchonat:  Gardiner's  Island,  N.  Y. ;  so  named  in  the 
deed  given  to  Lyon  Gardiner  by  the  Sachem  of  Pommanoc, 
in  1639  »  al-  Monchonok,  Mashongamuc.  Qu.  the  equivalent 
of  Monachnnte,  an  Indian  name  of  the  island  of  Rhode  Island 
(4  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  vi.  157)  ? 

Manf/nnckakuck.     See  Magunkahquog. 

Manhan.     See  Miinhan. 

Manhannock  :  "Wright's  Island,"  opposite  Wethers- 
field,  Connecticut  river  ;  now,  by  a  change  of  the  river  bed, 
annexed  to  the  main  land,  in  Glastonbury.  The  passage 


22 

between  it  and  the  river  bank  was  still  open  in  1713.  Glast. 
Centenn.,  178.  "The  Island"  belonged  to  Wethersfield  till 
1792.  The  name  (=  munnohan-auke)  means  'island  place/ 
or  '  land  on  the  island  ' :  an  interpretation  so  obvious  that  it 
is  surprising  that  Dr.  Chapin  missed  it  and  was  at  the  trouble 
of  deriving  the  name  from  (an  imaginary)  maun,  supposed  to 
mean  "great,"  "  ahanna,  to  laugh,"  and  "  ock,  place  ;  "  trans- 
lating it  as  "the  place  of  great  merry-making"  or  "great 
laughing-place"! 

Minnahanock,  for  Blackwell's  Island,  in  the  East  River, 
N.  Y.,  is  another  form  of  the  same  name.  French's  N.  Y. 
Gazetteer,  419,  n. ;  Cal.  N.  Y.  Mss.,  i.  364. 

Manhwmsqueeg ,  al.  JSfahmwnsqueag  (Moh.) :  "  the 
spot  resorted  to  for  whetstones,"  "  in  the  Whetstone  country," 
7  miles  n.  20°  e.  from  the  no.  end  of  Egunk  hill,  and  3^  m. 
no.  e.  from  the  falls  of  Quinebaug  river.  Chandler's  survey, 
1705  ;  Moh.  Case,  48.  Munkumsqueeg,  Col.  Rec.,  iii.  149. 
A  quarry  near  the  mouth  of  Whetstone  brook  (a  branch  of 
Assawog  river)  in  Killingly.  It  was  the  n.  e.  bound-mark  of  the 
Mohegan  territory  claimed  by  Uncas. 

Manittuwond  (Narr.)  :  Plum  Island  ?  See  Mimnaw- 
tawkit. 

Manoonckasuck :  near  the  n.  w.  corner  of  a  tract  of 
700  acres  granted  by  Southerton  (Stonington)  to  Capt.  Geo. 
Denison,  1661.  Ston.  Town  Records. 

Manunepukneay  brook  :  runs  s.  s.  e.  into  Shepaug 
river,  near  the  line  between  New  Milford  and  Washington. 
Ms.  Plan,  1715,  in  Conn.  Arch.,  T.  &  Lands,  viii.  155  ;  C.  R. 
Lands,  ii.  333. 

Manunkatuck.    See  Menunkatuck. 

Jtfanunkatesetf  -suck  (Moh.)  :  a  brook  or  small  river 
near  the  line  between  Westbrook  and  Clinton,  uniting  with 
Pochaug  river  and  flowing  to  the  Sound,  in  Westbrook.  The 
name  is  apparently  a  diminutive  of  Manunkatnck,  with 
the  locative  affix.  In  Uncas's  deed  to  Saybrook,  1666, 
it  is  written  "  MononkatesekT  Otherwise,  Manuncketesseck, 
Manuguatesett,  Ma-na-qua-tesett  (Col.  Rec.,  1703). 
See  Moromos. 


23 

3£aru8copaf/.  "  Achetaqupag  or  Maruscopag,"  on  or 
near  the  Naugatuck  river,  is  named  in  a  deed  fr6m  the 
Paugasset  Indians  to  the  settlers  of  Mattatuck  (Waterbury)  in 
1685.  Dr.  Anderson  suggests  that  the  last  two  syllables,  in 
each  name,  "stand  perhaps  for  knppo-ohke  \ktippaug\,  meaning 
'  narrow  place '  —  possibly  the  narrows  at  Beacon  Hill." 
Orcutt's  Derby,  xxxiv,  xcv. 

Massabeset.     See  Mattabesic. 

MassacJiaug,  Mnschauy:  pond  in  Westerly,  R.  I.,  near 
the  sea,  between  Pawcatuck  river  and  Babcock's  (Minnebaug% 
or  Miixquetaug)  pond  which  is  sometimes  called  West 
Massachaug.  Probably  corrupted  from  the  Narraganset 
equivalent  of  Moh.  muxquataug ;  from  muskechoge  'place 
where  rushes  grow.'  See  Mnxquata. 

MassacJiusetts :  an  anglicized  plural  of  Massachuset, 
meaning  'at,  or  near,  the  great  hills/  'the  great-hill  country,' 
from  massa  'great,'  wadchu  (in  composition,  adchii)  pi. 
wadchuash  'mountains '  or  ' hills,'  and  the  locative  suffix  it,  et, 
'  on,  at,  or  near.'  Roger  Williams  learned  that  the  name  was 
taken  "  from  the  Blue  Hills,  a  little  island  thereabout,"  and 
Josiah  Cotton  was  informed  that  it  specially  belonged  to  "an 
hill  in  the  form  of  an  arrow's  head."  The  Blue  Hills  are  in 
Milton  and  Quincy,  the  "high  mountains  of  Massachusit"  (or 
"  Cheviot"  hills)  of  Capt.  John  Smith.  The  name  was  easily 
corrupted,  by  English  speakers  to  Mattachuset  (compare 
Mattabesic  and  Massabesic}.  See  Proc.  Am.  Antiq.  Society, 
Oct.  1867,  pp.  77-84. 

Mffssa'f'o :  a  place  on  Tunxis  (Farmington)  river,  where 
a  plantation  was  established  by  Windsor  men  —  afterwards 
named  Simsbury.  "  That  part  of  Tunxis  river  called  Mosso- 
cowe."  Col.  Rec.,  i.  71.  Al.  Mttssawco,  Massaqua,  etc. 
From  massa  (=  missi)  '  great '  and  sauk  '  outlet ; '  the  '  great 
brook's-mouth/  where  Hop  Brook  (which  receives  Branch 
and  Stratton  brooks)  flows  into  Farmington  river,  near 
Simsbury  Centre.  See  Ind.  Geogr.  Names,  pp.  30,  31. 
[Comp.  Saco  (Me.)  ;  Massasaitga.} 

Mffsstrptmf/,  Mashipaiig,  etc. :  from  massa  (missi,  mashi) 
'  large'  and -paug* standing  water,'  'pond,'  was  the  designation 


24 

of  many  'great  ponds,'  throughout  New  England.     In  Con- 
necticut it  was  given  to  — 

1.  Alexander's  Lake  ("  Mashipaug  Pond  " ),  in  the  w.  part 
of  Killingly. 

2.  Gardiner's  Lake,  the  s.  w.  bound  of  Norwich  Nine-mile 
purchase  ;  now  in  Salem,  Bozrah,  and  Montville.     See  Moh. 
Case,  p.  150. 

3.  Mashapaug  pond,  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  Union. 

4.  Tyler  pond,  in  Goshen. 

5.  Slit-pang  (contracted  from  Mashapaug),  q.  v. 

6.  Meshapock  brook,  in  the  s.  e.  part  of  Middlebury,  seems 
to  be  another  form  of  the  same  name,  —  transferred,  probably, 
from  Toantick  or  Quassapaug  pond. 

A  pond  and  brook  in  Cranston,  R.  I.,  retain  this  designa- 
tion ;  a  Massapoag  pond  in  Dunstable  and  Groton,  Mass.  ; 
others  in  Sharon  (Massapauge,  Plym  Col.  Recs.,  iii.  164)  and 
Lunenburg,  Mass.  In  the  equivalent  name  of  Sebago  lake, 
Maine,  the  initial  m  has  been  lost. 

3fassapeaf/f  Blashpeay  (Moh.) :  a  tract  of  land  sold 
by  Uncas  to  Richard  Haughton,  1658.  Its  eastern  bound 
was  a  long  cove  (Massapeag  or  Haughton's  Cove),  and  its  w. 
or  s.  w.  boundary  was  Cochickuack  (now  Oxyboxy)  brook. 
Col.  Rec.,  i.  309;  Moh.  Case,  170.  In  the  s.  e.  part  of 
Montville,  including  great  part  of  Uncasville.  The  name, 
massa-pe-auk  means  '  great-water  land,'  or  '  land  on  the  great 
cove.'  See  Ind.  Geogr.  Names,  15. 

JHf(xs((jt<'</HOttuck,  Mas/if t-  (Moh.)  seems  to  have  been 
a  Mohegan  name  of  the  Thames  river  =  massa-peqnot-tnk 
'  great  Pequot-river.'  "  A  cold  spring  where  Mohegan  bounds 
begin"  on  the  w.  side  of  the  Thames  (near  Haughton's  Cove), 
was  called  Massapequottnck-soonk-apog.  Chandler's  Survey, 
1705  ;  Col.  Rec.,  iii.  149.  See  Sunkipang  '  cold  spring.' 

JMassattrititttock  (Moh.) :  Falcon  Island,  so.  of  Guilford, 
so  named  in  Indian  map  of  Guilford  second  purchase. 
Mashequanon  was  the  Mass,  name  of  the  fish-hawk  (=^=  Chip. 
mitchigikwane) .  '  Falcon  Island '  was  the  Indian  mashequan- 
auk  '  place  of  fish-hawks.' 

MassawaniaMHj  (Moh.)  :  a  brook  and  cove,  w.  of 
Thames  river,  n.  of  Massapeag :  the  north  bound  of  Poma- 


25 

chaug.  See  Uncas's  deed  to  J.  Rogers,  1658,  in  Moh.  Case, 
p.  251.  Now  in  Montville.  The  name,  massa-womitssuk, 
denotes  a  'great  declivity'  (literally  'down-going'),  and  is 
applicable  to  a  steep  ledge,  hill-side,  or  high  bank. 

Mashamoquet,  Massamugget,  etc.  (Nipm.) :  a  brook 
which  runs  through  Pomfret,  so.  easterly  and  easterly,  to 
Quinebaug  river,  about  i|  m.  north  of  Brooklyn  no.  line. 
The  name,  which  signifies  '  at  the  great  fishing  place '  (massa- 
amaug-ut),  was  given  to  a  large  tract,  "  the  Mashamoquet 
Purchase,"  on  which  Pomfret  was  settled.  The  lower  part 
of  the  brook,  near  the  Quinebaug,  was  called  Tamonquas 
river  (q.  v.).  Al.  Mashamugget,  Mashamugket,  Machi-mucket, 
Moshamoquett,  etc. 

Mashentuck  (Moh.):  a  name  formerly  given  to  Killingly 
pond  on  the  east  line  of  the  State,  partly  in  Foster,  R.  I. 
("  Chaubamaug  Pond,"  on  Miss  Larned's  map).  A  hill 
"  comprising  a  circuit  of  two  or  three  miles,  terminating  in 
an  abrupt  steep  at  the  so.  extremity  of  Pleasant  Valley"  in 
Killingly,  and  also  a  brook  that  runs  near  this  hill,  northerly, 
to  Whetstone  brook,  bear  this  name  on  modern  maps.  It 
denotes  '  a  well-wooded  country,'  literally,  '  much  wood ' 
(mishunttigk,  Eliot).  There  is  an  Indian  tradition  that  a  hill 
covered  with  tall  trees  once  stood  where  is  now  a  great  pond 
—which  is  generally  supposed  to  be  Massapaug  (Alexander's 
Lake)  in  West  Killingly.  See  Barber's  Hist.  Coll.  of  Conn., 
431,  and  DeForest's  Indians  of  Conn.,  377.  The  name  of 
Mashentuck,  appropriated  to  East  Killingly  pond,  suggests 
that  the  tradition  belongs  to  this,  rather  than  to  Massapaug. 

Mashantackuck,  Mashantncket  (Moh.):  the  Mohegan 
reservation  on  the  w.  side  of  Thames  river,  in  Montville. 
Col.  Rec.  Lands,  i.  277.  Meshentucket,  T.  Minor,  1669  A 
part  of  this  reservation,  near  the  river,  is  still  called  Shantuck. 
The  name,  like  the  preceding,  is  from  mishuntugk  'much 
wood,'  with  the  locative  affix,  -et,  meaning  'at  (or  in)  the 
place  of  much  wood.' 

Mashanticut,  mod.  Shantituck,  a  brook  in  Cranston  and 
Warwick,  R.  I.,  shows  another  form  of  the  name.  Roger 
Williams  wrote  it  "Miskuntatuk" 


26 

,  MHs/itrnfu.rrt,  etc.  (Moh.) :  a  tract 
reserved  for  the  Groton  Pequots  —  now  in  the  town  of 
Ledyard;  "for  the  most  part  a  region  of  craggy,  ^well-forested 
hills"  (Hist,  of  N.  London,  604).  This  seems  to  be  a 
diminutive  of  the  preceding  name,  distinguishing  the  'smaller 
wooded  tract  of  land'  from  the  Mohegan  reservation  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Thames.  (Occasionally,  the  name  occurs 
in  the  records  as  Masliantucket — without  the  characteristic  s 
of  the  diminutive.)  President  Stiles,  1761,  wrote  it,  "Mtts- 
sJinntucksett"  and  "Mauskantuxet." 

Massliattaneeseck  (Narr.) :  a  hill  a  mile  and  a  half  no. 
"of  Pahcupog  pond,  two  and  a  half  miles  s.  e.  of  Paychaiossuck" 
on  Shannock  river.  Col.  Rec.,  ii.  314.  In  Charlestown,  R.  I. 
The  name  seems  to  stand  for  massa-adene-suck  'great-hill 
brook'  or  water-source  ;  and,  if  so,  properly  belongs  to  some 
brook  near  the  hill.' 

MasJiapaug.     See  Massapaug. 

Mashpeay.     See  Massapeag. 

Mattabesic,  Massdbeset;  in  Middletown.  Otherwise 
written,  Mattabesicke  (i6^}^.Matabezeke  (1646),  Mattapeaset 
(1657),  etc.;  Matozvepesack,  in  Uncas's  deed  to  Guilford, 
1665,  Mattabesett,  Ind.  deed,  1673.  In  "Indian  Geographical 
Names,"  p.  35,  I  suggested  an  interpretation  of  this  name, 
which  I  now  know  to  be  wrong.  Massabeset  denotes  a  place 
'  at  a  (relatively)  great  rivulet,  or  brook,'  massa-sepues-ct ;  at 
the  greater  of  the  two  small  rivers  that  run  to  the  Connecticut, 
in  Middletown.  Massa,  'great,'  became  in  some  local  idioms 
mathe,  ancl  was  easily  corrupted  to  matta  (comp.  Massachusetts, 
often  written,  by  the  English,  Mattachusetts,  and  occasionally, 
Massatusets  and  Mattathusetts)\  so,  sepuese  'little  river,'  may 
have  readily  passed  to  the  modern  "  Sebethe" 

Mattapoiset  river,  which  gives  name  to  a  town  in  Massa- 
chusetts—  and  Matapuyst  or  Mattapoiset  (now  Gardner's) 
neck,  in  Swansey,  Mass.,  between  two  small  rivers  (of  which 
Cole's,  in  the  west,  is  relatively  the  'great')  —  present  other 
forms  of  the  name. 

It  is  possible,  but  does  not  seem  to  me  probable,  that  massa 
and  matta  stand  for  matche  'bad.'  If  so,  the  name  would 


27 

designate  a  place  'at  a  bad  small  cove,  or  piece  of  water' 
(matche-pe-es-et},  i.  e.  a  place  unfavorable  for  the  passage  or 
shelter  of  canoes. 

Mat acomacok :  a  swamp  west  of  Windsor  bounds, 
1665.  Stiles's  Windsor,  109.  In  Simsbury  or  Bloomfield. 
For  matche-komuk-auke ' bad-place  land '  ('place  of  bad  land'). 
Abnaki,  matsi-kamighe  'where  the  path  is  bad.' 

Matacompemiscok  (Peq.) :  a  place  "  up  the  country," 
25  m.  from  Mamaniskuck  (which  see);  the  no.  bound,  on 
Pawcatuck  river,  of  Soso's  deed  to  the  settlers  of  Westerly, 
R.  I.  Westerly  T.  Rec.,  i.  3. 

Mlattatuck;  earlier,  Matetacoke  (1657),  Matitacoocke 
(1673) :  a  tract  of  land,  including  "the  hill  from  which  John 
Andrews  and  John  Stanley  brought  the  black-lead."  Indian 
Deed  of  1657.  This  hill  has  not  been  identified.  The 
plantation  "at  Mattatuck,  situate  on  each  side  of  the 
Mattatuck  river,"  commenced  in  1674,  was  named  Waterbury, 
in  1686.  (The  village  of  East  Litchfield  was,  until  recently, 
called  Mattatuc.)  The  name  (matuh'tugk}  designates  a 
'  place  without  wood '  or  '  badly  wooded '  ;  and  Matitacooke 
(mat '  uhtugk-ohke)  is  'land  not-wooded,'  destitute  of  trees. 

[2.  Mattitnck  (al.  Mattatock,  N.  Haven  Rec.,  ii.  233) :  a 
village  in  Southold,  L.  I.,  near  the  w.  end  of  the  town.  The 
name  was  given  a  tract  of  land,  partly  in  Southold,  and 
including  the  present  town  of  Riverhead  ;  and  to  a  large 
pond  between  Peconic  Bay  and  the  Sound.  Prime's  L. 
Island,  31,  142.] 

Mataubauti :  high  land  in  the  no.  part  of  Stamford. 
Huntington's  Stamford,  i,  3.  Perhaps  from  an  Indian  called 
Alatnmpun,  who  joined  in  the  sale  to  Norwalk  of  lands  e.  of 
Pampeshkeshanke  brook,  in  1652.  Hall's  Norwalk,  35. 
His  name  signified  'The  Morning'  (or  'Daylight');  Narr. 
maiitaban  (R.  W.),  Mass,  mohtompan. 

Matianoch",  Mattancauy :  near  the  mouth  of  Farm- 
ington  river,  in  Windsor.  Mattanag  (1640),  C.  Rec,  i.  50. 
A rramamet,  described  in  1636  as  "sachem  of  Matianocke" 
then  lived  near  the  present  line  between  Windsor  and 
Hartford. 


28 

t :  "  an  island  upon  Windsor  rivulet  [Tunxis, 
or  Farmington  river],  at  a  place  called  by  the  Indians 
Matumpseck"  was  sold  by  a  Poquannoc  Indian  in  1670. 
Stiles's  Windsor,  109.  This  island  is  supposed  to  be  the  one 
that  is  nearly  opposite  the  point  called  Indian  Neck, 
in  Poquannoc.  The  name  means  '  bad  rock/  mat-ompsk. 
["  Break  Neck  "  was  the  name  given  by  Windsor  men  to  the 
declivity  opposite  Indian  Neck,  on  the  east  side  of  Tunxis 
river.] 

JJfautunsq  (Qunnip.) :  West  Rock,  near  New  Haven. 
Pres.  Stiles's  MS.  Itinerary,  iv.  143,  —  on  the  authority  of  an 
Indian  born  in  East  Haven.  This  is  probably  the  equivalent 
of  the  preceding  name,  with  dialectic  variation  ;  mat-ompsk 
'  bad  (i.  e.  steep,  difficult)  rock.' 

MawnantucJc.     See  Manatuck. 

Maw-iniagwaug.     See  Mamaquaog. 

Maximus.     See  Machemux. 

Mayanexit,  Mananexit  (Nipm.):  an  Indian  village  in 
or  near  the  north  part  of  Woodstock  [now  Thompson],  "  near 
unto  a  fresh  river,  upon  the  west  of  it,  called  Mohegan  [now 
Quinebaug]  river."  Gookin,  1674.  The  river  which  was 
"formerly  called  Mayenexit "  was  "now  Quinebaug,"  in  1694. 
C.  R.  Lands,  ii.  244.  Al.  Mayaneexit,  Myanexit.  The 
meaning  of  the  name  is  not  known.  It  may  have  been 
formed  from  mayano  '  there  is  a  path,  or  road,'  or  its  parti- 
cipial, maanog  'where  the  path  is,'  —  since  the  Indian  village 
was  near  the  old  "Connecticut  Path"  to  and  from  Massachu- 
setts ;  but  if  so,  the  termination  or  affix  is  obscure :  or,  it 
may  come  from  miyanau  '  he  gathers  together,'  participial 
mayanuk  '  when  (or  where)  he  gathers  them  together,'  - 
alluding  to  the  establishment  of  a  community  of  Christian 
Indians  at  this  place. 

Mayawaug :  land  comprised  in  the  deed  of  Major  J. 
Pynchon  to  Suffield  planters.  Syke's  Hist.  Address,  p.  32. 
The  name  seems  to  designate  a  'place  of  meeting' — where 
paths,  or  streams,  or  boundaries,  '  come  together.' 

Mayomansuck  (Moh.):  "a  small  pond,  southward  of  a 
bare  hill  betw.  Flat  Rock  and  Egunk  cedar-swamp,"  f  m.  north 


29 

of  Shawwamug  (the  crotch  of  Pachaug  river).  Chandler's 
Survey,  1705.  "Maumunsvck,  a  path  betw.  two  ponds,  N.  7° 
E.  1 88  perch  from  Shawwunk,  where  two  streams  meet."  C. 
Archives,  T.  &  L.,  yii.  178.  In  the  s.  e.  part  of  Griswold. 
See  Makmansuck.  The  name  designates  the  outlet  which 
unites  the  two  ponds  (near  Glasko's). 

Meminketuch'  (Moh.) :  Guilford,  —  or  Guilford  West 
River,  which  retains  the  name:  al.  Manuncatuck  (1641), 
Mununketttcke  (and  Munnuck-},  Monunkatuck,  Memmqua- 
tucke.  Probably,  'Menhaden  country,'  from  munonqutteau 
(iininnoliquohteau,  Eliot,)  'that  which  fertilizes  or  manures 
land'  —  when  comes  Narr.  munnawhatteatig,  (R.  Williams,) 
the  Indian  name  of  white-fish  or  bony-fish,  'fertilizers,'  now 
corrupted  to  Menhaden.  These  fish,  taken  in  great  abundance 
on  the  shores  of  Guilford,  Madison,  and  Clinton,  were  highly 
valued  by  the  Indians,  for  manuring  their  corn-land. 

Mennnkateset.     See  Manunkateset. 

Meshapoclt  brook,  in  Middlebury.     See  Massapaug  (6). 

Meshotn'asic ;  "  colloquially,  Som'ersic: "  a  hill  in  the 
s.  e.  corner  of  Glastonbury,  and  the  no.  end  of  Chatham, 
"  Rattlesnake  Hill."  Glast.  Centenn.,  16.  Formerly  written, 
Mesomersic,  Mesomnssuck,  etc.  There  is  no  foundation  for 
Dr.  Chapin's  interpretation  of  the  name,  by  "great  rattle- 
snake, or  abundance  of  rattlesnakes;"  but  I  can  suggest 
nothing  better,  unless  we  may,  by  some  steep  declivity  or 
deep  chasm,  identify  it  with  Massawomasog,  q.  v. 

Metichawon :  the  falls  of  Housatonic  river,  at  New 
Milford.  Trumbull's  Hist,  of  Conn.,  ii.  83.  "These  stopped 
the  progress  of  the  large  fish,  and  made  it  formerly  one  of 
the  best  fishing-places  for  shad,  herring,  etc.,  in  the  colony." 
The  name  denotes  an  'obstruction'  or  'turning  back'  (the 
fish). 

Mianus  river :  in  Greenwich  and  Stamford  ;  and  trans- 
ferred to  a  village  at  the  junction  of  this  river  with  Coscob 
cove.  For  "  Mayanno's," — as  the  river  and  neck  of  land 
were  called,  from  the  Indian  proprietor,  Mayanno  or  Me/ianno, 
who  was  killed  by  Capt.  Patrick,  in  1643.  "  May  anno  es  neck" 
(Green w.  Records,  1664).  "  Mayane,  a  sachem  residing.. 


30 

between  Greenwich  and  Stamford."  N.  Y.  Col.  Mss.,  i.  186. 
His  name  signifies  "  He  who  gathers  together." 

Minn<ib<u«j  (Narr.):  "  a  long  pond  near  the  beach,"  in 
Westerly,  R.  I.,  now  called  Babcock's  (and  West  Massachaug) 
pond.  Col.  Rec.,  ii.  288,  note;  Potter's  Hist,  of  Narrag., 
65.  See  Muxquata,  and  Teapanock. 

Minacommuck.     See  Mnnnacommnck. 

? Minnecha  n rj :  a  hill  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  Glastonbury. 
Glast.  Centen.,  18.  In  this  form,  it  means  'huckleberry 
hill,'  min ne-adchn-auke ;  but  it  is  by  no  means  certain  that 
the  modern  name  is  not  greatly  corrupted. 

Mi-oor nkh-t n7t:  East  Haven.  The  name,  and  its 
pronunciation,  are  given  as  President  Stiles  heard  it,  in  1787, 
from  an  Indian  who  was  born  in  East  Haven.  It  denotes 
'meeting  of  tidal-rivers'  or  'where  tidal-rivers  come  together,' 
and  it  probably  belonged  to  "Dragon  Point,"  in  Fair  Haven, 
between  the  estuaries  of  Quinnipiac  and  Mill  rivers. 

VMiossehassaky:  "The  meadows  bordering  the  Armonck 
[Byram  river]  were  called  Haseco  andMwsse/iassa&y."  Bolton's 
Westchester,  ii.  16.  "  Miossehassaky  extended  from  The 
Brothers  [two  small  streams  in  Greenwich]  to  Byram  river." 
Mead's  Greenwich,  20;  but  I  do  not  find  this  name  on  the 
Greenwich  records.  If  genuine,  it  may  be  identical  with 
Narr.  Moshassuck  (Providence,  R.  L),  denoting  'great  fresh- 
meadow  '  or  marshy  land. 

Mishanups.     See  Moshenupsuck. 

Misquam'icuk,,  Squomfacuk  (Narr.) :  the  south- 
western part  of  the  township  of  Westerly,  R.  I.,  near  the 
mouth  of  Pawcatuck  river,  "and  towards  the  southernmost 
end,  being  a  neck."  See  Potter's  Narrag.,  244.  The  varieties 
of  form  of  this  name  are  innumerable :  Misquamicoke, 
Misquamakuck,  Ascomicntt,  Squamcot,  Misquamacut,  etc. 
It  comes  from  Narr.  mishquamaug,  m  squamaug,  '  salmon,' 
and  auke  '  place '  (or,  with  the  locative  affix,  ut),  and  denotes 
a  place  for  taking  salmon. 

M/issatcJiawaff  (Moh.)  :  in  the  w.  bounds  of  the 
Nipmuck  country,  betw.  Wequepamish  and  Elatt.  See 
Oweneco's  deed  to  Jas.  Fitch,  1684.  In  Stafford  or  Somers? 


31 

Col.  Rec.  Lands,  iii.  156.  For  massa-adchu-ank  'at  the  great 
hill'? 

Mi  stick  (Moh.),  mod.  Mystic  river,  between  Stonington 
and  Groton.  The  name  properly  belongs  to  the  estuary, 
missi-tuk  'great  tidal-river.'  The  'great  river'  of  Boston 
bay,  which  separates  Charlestown  from  Maiden  and  Chelsea, 
—  its  estuary  receiving  Charles  river — bears  the  same  name. 
See  Ind.  Geogr.  Names,  p.  8. 

Mistiicksuck,  -set  (Moh.):  a  brook  about  two  miles  e. 
from  Mistick  river,  running  southerly  to  the  head  of  Quiam- 
baug  cove ;  sometimes  called  Copp's  Brook.  The  name 
means  'Mistick  brook'  (missituk-snck) ,  or,  'at  little  Mistick' 
(missituks-ef). 

Moheyan,  Monheganick  (Moh.):  the  territory  occu- 
pied by  Uncas  and  his  band  of  Mohegans  (Muh/iekaneiik],  at 
the  coming  of  the  English.  The  name  was  specially  appro- 
priated to  a  tract  of  land  near  the  great  bend  of  the  river 
Thames,  south  of  Trading  Cove,  now  the  township  of  Mont- 
ville  (including  the  villages  of  Uncasville  and  Mohegan). 
"  Uncas,  alias  Okoco,  the  Monahegan  sachem,  in  the  twist  of 
Pequod  river"  (J.  Winthrop,  1638);  "Monahiggin,  Onkace  his 
town"  (R.  Williams,  1638);  Monahiganick  (id.);  Munhicke 
(Jona.  Brewster,  1638).  The  Thames  was  sometimes  called 
"  Mohegan  river,"  but  more  commonly,  "  Pequod  river." 
The  Mohegans  or  Muhhekanneuk  took  their  tribe-name  from 
the  Algonkin  maingan  'a  wolf  (Chip.  ma-ing-un,mi-een'gan; 
Cree,  mahtgguii),  and  Monheganick  =  Chip,  maniganikan 
'country  of  wolves.' 

Mottiaycywetuck  (Quineb.)  brook :  now  Rowland's 
Brook,  in  Canterbury ;  runs  southerly  to  the  Quinebaug. 
Col.  Rec.  Lands,  ii.  166. 

VMonakeweyo:  Greenwich  Point,  formerly  Elizabeth 
Neck.  Mead's  Greenwich,  22. 

Monheayan.     See  Moheagan. 

Monhunyamtck  pond :  in  n.  e.  corner  of  Voluntown, 
on  the  State  line  ;  now  Bailey  Pond.  Miss  Larned's  map,  in 
Hist.  Windham  Co. 

Mo  it  tff  uk.     See  Manatuck. 


32 

MotttonoHesuck  (Moh.) :  "brook  on  which  Mr.  Win- 
throp's  saw-mill  stood,"  in  1663.  Col.  Rec.,  iii.  479.  Uncas 
claimed  this  as  the  so.  bound  of  Mohegan  land.  Called  by 
the  English,  Alewife  Brook.  It  runs  into  Bolles's  (formerly, 
Smith's)  Cove,  about  3  m.  above  New  London. 

[MoittoH't'se:  a  railroad  station  and  post-office  in  East 
Haven,  named  from  Mautowese,  an  Indian,  the  son  or  nephew 
of  Sowheag  of  Mattabesic,  who  conveyed  to  the  planters  of 
New  Haven,  in  1638,  his  lands  north  of  Quinnipiac.  N.  H. 
Col.  Rec.,  i.  5.  His  name  (a  diminutive  of  Manito)  means 
'  Little  God.'] 

Monw7icho(/ok.     See  Manchaug. 

Mooapaske:  a  place  where  land  granted  by  Stonington 
to  Thomas  Minor  was  laid  out  to  him  in  1667.  Minor's  MS. 
Diary.  The  name  seems  to  denote  'black-muddy,'  or  miry, 
land  (nicoe-pesugke). 

Jtfoodus.     See  Machemoodus. 

Moosamuttuck  (Moh.) :  a  Mohegan  name  of  the  East 
River  of  Manunketuck  (Guilford),  .or  of  a  tract  of  land  on 
this  river,  in  Uncas's  second  deed  to  Guilford,  1641.  See 
Ruttawoo. 

Jtfoosup  (formerly,  Moosup's)  river :  flows  westerly  through 
Sterling  and  Plainfield,  to  the  Quinebaug.  So  called,  from 
Maussup,  the  Narraganset  sachem,  better  known  as  Pessicus, 
brother  of  Miantonomo.  A  pond  in  the  n.  e.  part  of 
Plainfield  (one  of  the  feeders  of  the  river),  and  a  manufacturing 
village  and  railroad  station  in  Plainfield,  bear  the  same  name. 

JHoshenupsucft  (Moh.) :  the  outlet  of  Moslienups  (now 
Snipsic)  pond  which  lies  in  Tolland,  Ellington,  and  the  n.  e. 
angle  of  Vernon.  "  Moshe-nup-suck,  at  the  so.  end  of  a  pond" 
(Chandler's  Survey,  1705)  was  the  n.  w.  corner  bound  of  the 
Mohegan  country  and  the  s.  w.  bound  of  Wabaquasset.  The 
name  was  transferred  to  the  stream  which  flowed  from 
the  pond,  now  Hockanum  river.  "A  great  pond  called 
Misshinaps"  Col.  Rec.  Lds.,  ii.  118;  "  Messhenups  pond/' 
id.,  iii.  164. 

MosKowungganuck  (Narr.)  :  a  tract  allotted  to  Nini- 
gret's  daughter,  by  the  General  Court  in  1676.  Col.  Rec., 


33 

ii.  289.  In  the  n.  w.  part  of  Westerly  or  s.  w.  part  of 
Hopkinton,  R.  I.,  '  on  the  great  bend '  (mashe-wongun-uK)  of 
Pawcatuck  river. 

?Muchuncoh8OT  Sasqiif/:  the  will  of  William  Frost 
of  Uncowa  (Fairfield),  1644,  devises  "meadow  lying  at 
Muchuncohsor  Sasqug,  commonly  so  called," — as  appears 
by  the  record,  in  Col.  Rec.,  i.  465.  This  is,  perhaps,  an  error 
of  the  recorder,  for  "  Muchumohs  or  Sasqug."  See  Machemus. 
and  Sasquanough. 

Jltintiacommiick :  a  tract  of  land,  e.  of  Shepaug  river, 
comprising  two-thirds  of  the  township  of  Roxbury  and  the 
n.  w.  border  of  Southbury,  is  described,  in  an  Indian  deed  to 
Woodbury,  1686,  as  "near  to  the  place  commonly  called  by 
us  Munnacommuck  "  Cothren's  Woodbury,  i.  25.  This  was, 
doubtless,  the  '  island  place/  mtmnoh-komuk,  made  by 
the  divided  stream  of  Shepaug  river,  —  now  misnamed 
"  Paquabaug"  (q.  v.). 

2.  Minnacommuck :  an  island  in  a  cedar  swamp,  near 
Borden's  or  Chapman  pond  in  Westerly,  R.  I.,  about  2  m. 
east  from  Pawcatuck  bridge.  Potter's  Narraganset,  65  ; 
Parsons's  Ind.  Names,  17.  Mincamikek,  Parsons,  10. 

[3.  'Mincommnck:  the  Great  or  North  Meadow  in  Hatfield, 
Mass.  Judd's  Hadley,  115,  116.] 

Manhan,  Manhan:  in  Waterbury,  on  the  e.  side  of 
Naugatuck  river :  mentioned  in  the  town  records  as  "  Manhan 
meadow,"  which,  as  the  name  shows,  was  once  '  an  island,' 
munriohhan.  An  offset  from  the  main  stream  of  the  Nauga- 
tuck flowed  on  the  e.  side  of  the  meadow,  to  the  Great  Brook. 
Bronson's  Waterbury,  96. 

[2.  "  The  brook  below  Munhan,  called  Sankwonk"  now 
Manhan  river,  Easthampton,  Mass.,  was  the  so.  bound  on 
Conn,  river  of  John  Pynchon's  purchase  of  Nonotuck  (North- 
ampton), 1653.  Judd's  Hadley,  114,43.  Munhan  was  the 
island  made  at  the  "Ox  Bow"  of  the  Connecticut] 

Mwnh'Umsqueeg.     See  Manhumsqueeg. 

Munnawtaivkit  and  Manittuwond,  are  named  by 
Roger  Williams,  1637,  as  islands  to  which  the  Pequots  came 
to  fish  and  plant  corn  ;  one  of  which  was  called  by  the 
5 


34 

English,  Plum  Island.  4  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,vi.  189,  190.  The 
other  was,  probably,  Fisher's  Island.  Munnatawkit  seems 
to  be  the  equivalent  of  Montaukit  (Montauk)  and  of  Manatuck 
with  the  locative  suffix :  and  the  name  may  have  been  given 
to  Fisher's  Island,  from  its  high  western  bluff,  or  its  yet 
higher  central  hill. 

Miissaco.     See  Massaco. 

Miikquata,  Mtixquataug  (Narr.):  a  neck  of  land  in 
Westerly,  R.  I.,  between  Babcock's  and  Quonaquataug  ponds, 
extending  to  the  sea,  at  Noyes's  Point.  This  tract  was  in  the 
east  border  of  the  Pequot  country.  It  was  sometimes  called 
Wecapaug  Neck.  Potter's  Narrag.,  56,  267.  Musquetta, 
Col.  Rec.,  ii.  228  ;  Muxquetaugh,  Pres.  Stiles,  1761,  MS.  ; 
Muxquetau,  C.  Rec.  Lands,  i.  435.  From  Narrag.  muskechoge 
'rushes,'  a  'place  of  rushes' — or,  mukkosqut  'meadow,'  from 
the  same  root. 

My  stick.     See  Mistick. 

Nagatosett.     See  Oxecoset. 

Na-iivayonk,  mod.  Noank:  a  point  of  land,  west  of 
Mistick  bay,  in  Groton :  Noangk,  No'idnk,  Pres.  Stiles,  MS.  1 761. 
In  the  Records  of  the  Comm'rs  of  the  U.  Colonies,  it  is 
variously  written,  Naiwayonk,  Nowayonk,  Neweacke,  Naweage, 
Nawayack,  Nawyunckque,  etc.  It  is  the  Mohegan  equivalent 
of  Mass,  nalag  '  a  point.'  See  Nayaug. 

UTamareckj  -roake,  Namelake :  on  or  near  Connec- 
ticut river  in  East  Windsor,  no.  of  Namerick  (now  further 
corrupted  to  "May  Luck")  brook.  Stiles's  Windsor,  m- 
113;  Judd's  Hadley,  43.  Dialectic  variations,  and  corruptions, 
of  nam'e-auke  or  nameock  '  fishing  place.' 

Nameock,  Nameauy  (Moh.) :  New  London  ;  name-auk 
'fishing  place,'  or  where  fish  are  taken.  Nameocke,  Gov. 
Hopkins,  1648  ;  otherwise,  Nameugg,  Nameacke,  Nammiog, 
Namyok,  etc. 

Natnucksuck  (Moh.) :  on  the  w.  side  of  Thames  river, 
4  or  5  miles  above  New  London.  Hist.  N.  London,  123. 
The  name  designates  a  'fishing-place  (name-auk}  at  the 
outlet  (suck) '  or  mouth  of  a  brook  —  which  may  have  been 
Oxopaugsuck  or  Cochikuack  brook,  near  Uncasville. 


35 

?Nansquatbf/  (Nipm.) :  a  tract  on  Quinebaug  river, 
"above  the  meeting  of  the  two  rivers,"  sold  by  a  Nipmuck 
Indian  in  1684.  Stonington  T.  Rec.  Lands. 

?Nantasket  brook :  in  the  s.  e.  part  of  Pomfret,  running 
no.  to  Mashamoquet  brook  near  its  junction  with  the 
Quinebaug.  Miss  E.  D.  Larned,  from  a  deed  in  1714. 

Narraganset:  the  anglicized  name  of  the  country  of 
the  Nahiganeilk  (Nanhigganeuck},  the  "Nahicans"  of  the 
early  Dutch  explorers.  The  tribal  name  denotes  'people  of 
the  point,'  from  their  original  location  near  Point  Judith  pond 
and  its  west  branch,  Fish  pond :  from  naiag,  '  a  point  of  land ' 
(dimin.  naiagans) ;  with  the  locative  affix,  Naiaganset '  at  or 
about  the  point.'  See  my  edition  of  R.  Williams's  Key,  p. 
22  (note).  Wequapaug  brook  (q.  v.),  about  4  m.  east  of 
Pawcatuck  river  was  the  boundary  between  the  Narragansets 
and  their  enemies,  the  Pequot-Mohegans. 

Narshapor/ye.     See  Neeshapaug. 

Nashaivay,  Nashawoy.     See  Ashawog. 

Natchauy  river :  formed  by  the  union  of  Bigelow's  and 
Still  rivers  in  Eastford,  flows  s.  s.  w.  through  Chaplin,  receives 
Mount  Hope  river,  in  the  s.  e.  part  of  Mansfield,  and  joins 
Willimantic  river,  near  Willimantic  borough,  to  form  the 
Shetucket.  Its  name  is  transferred  from  a  tract  of  'land 
between  '  the  rivers,  nashau-auke.  See  Ashawog. 

Nunbuc:  in  Glastonbury  ;  "a  broad  plain  extending  from 
Roaring  brook  to  E.  Hartford  line."  Glast.  Centenn.,  18. 
Nabuck,  1684,  Col.  Rec.,  iii.  163,  246.  The  west  and  n.  w. 
part  of  Glastonbury,  a  village,  and  post-office,  retain  the 
name.  Formerly,  it  was  occasionally  written  and  pronounced 
Hanahbake  or  Hanabuc  (Barber's  Hist.  Coll.,  93  ;  Glast. 
Centenn.,  18),  and  in  these  forms  the  original  a'upauk 
'  flooded  '  or  '  overflowed  '  land,  is  more  easily  detected  than 
in  the  established  corruption,  Naubuc. 

Nauf/atuck :  a  name  transferred  to  the  river  from  some 
locality  on  or  near  it,  and  from  the  river  to  the  valley  and 
town.  " Nagatuck  river"  was  named  in  the  first  deed  to 
Thomas  Wheeler,  in  1657,  and  M  Nawcotuck  river,"  in  an 
Indian  deed,  1668  ;  but  elsewhere  it  is  "  the  river  that  cometh 


36 

from  Nawgatuck?  1676  (Col.  Rec.,  ii.  304);  "towards 
" Nagantucks"  1672  (id.  233)  ;  "the  fishing  place  at  Nauga- 
tnck"  reserved  in  an  Indian  deed  of  land,  now  in  Seymour 
village,  in  1678  (Orcutt's  Derby,  70).  Pres.  Stiles  gave  the 
pronunciation  of  the  name,  as  he  heard  it  from  a  Paugesset 
Indian  in  1787,  "  Nau-ka-tungk,  or  Derby  Bridge":  and 
this  confirms  the  traditional  origin  of  the  name,  from  a 
remarkable  single  tree,  which  probably  served  as  a  land  mark, 
nankot-tungk  (Mass.  neqnt-tugK)  'one  tree.'  This  tree  is 
said  to  have  stood  near  Rock  Rimmon,  in  what  is  now 
Seymour.  See  Barber's  Hist.  Coll.  ;  Bronson's  Waterbury, 
15  ;  Orcutt's  Derby,  xciv.^(and  compare  p.  443,  where  the 
writer  proposes  '  fishing  place  at  the  falls,'  as  a  translation  of 
the  name  which  he  thinks  may  be  a  corruption  of  Amaug-suck, 
This  interpretation  is  inadmissible,  since  amaug  is  an  insep- 
arable generic,  used  only  at  the  end  of  a  compound  name, 
where  it  is  equivalent  to  nameaug,  at  the  beginning.  Comp. 
Nameaug  and  Namucksuck.) 

Naivbesetnclt :  in  Mansfield,  formerly  called  'the  Ponds', 
or  '  Ponds  Place.'  The  name  comes  from  the  pond  (mippees) 
at  Mansfield  Centre  :  nuppeeit  oJike  '  land  at  the  Pond.' 

Nayantacawn&ck  (Narr.):  an  island,  proposed  by  Roger 
Williams,  as  a  suitable  place  of  residence  for  the  captive 
Pequots,  in  1637.  4  M.  H.  C.,  vi.  201.  For  Nayantic-acaw- 
muck  '  over  against^Niantic '  ?  Fisher's  Island  ?  or  Plum  Island  ? 

Nayantaquit,  Nianticut:  the  territory  occupied  by 
the  sea-side  Indians,  e.  and  w.  of  the  Pequot  country,  about 
the  '  river  points '  of  Pawcatuck,  Thames,  and  Niantic  rivers.. 
Na'iantukq-ut  (Narrag.  and  Moh.)  signifies  '  at  a  point  of  land 
on  a  (tidal)  river/  or  estuary  :  — 

1.  Western  Nianticut,  betw.  Thames  river  and  the  Con- 
necticut.   The  territory  best  known  by  the  name,  NeJiantick, 
Naantucke,  Naihantick,  etc.,  mod.  Niantic,  is  about  Niantic 
bay  and  river,  in  East  Lyme  and  the  w.  part  of  Waterford. 
"  Pequot  Nayantaquit,"  mentioned  by  R.  Williams,  1637-38, 
appears  to  have  been  in  New  London  and  the  s.  e.  part  of 
Waterford,  near  Alewife  Cove. 

2.  Eastern    Nianticut    (Roger    Williams's    "  Nayanticut 
hither,")  was  betw.  Pawcatuck  river  and  Point  Judith,  R.  I., 


37 

along  the  line  of  salt  ponds.  The  fort  of  Ninigret,  chief 
sachem  of  the  eastern  Niantics,  was  on  Fort  Neck,  on  the 
great  pond  in  Charlestown. 

Ncii/any,  ^(u/df/e:  the  'point'  or  'corner'  (natag) 
between  Roaring  brook  and  Conn,  river,  in  the  s.  w.  part  of 
Glastonbury.  See  Naiwayonk. 

2.    The  south  point  of  Mason's  Island,  in  Mystic  bay. 

Naj/tunit:  a  bound  of  land  sold  to  Moses  Wheeler 
of  Stratford,  by  Womphege,  in  1659,  "along  Potatuck 
[Housatonic]  river,  the  east  end  of  it  being  on  a  small  river 
which  they  say  is  Nayump"  and  the  w.  end  bounded,  its 
whole  length,  on  "a  gaeat  rock;"  from  which,  or  from  some 
other  rock,  came  the  name  nai-ompsk  '  point  of  rock.'  The  land 
was  taken  into  Stratford  by  the  extension  of  the  bounds  of 
that  town  northward.  Col.  Rec.,  iii.  164.  The  small  river, 
called  Far  Mill  river,  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course  to  the 
Housatonic,  divides  Stratford  and  Huntington. 

2.  Nayumps :  "  a  place  called  Nayumps"  between  Beacon 
Hill  river  (near  the  so.  line  of  Naugatuck)  and  Lebanon 
brook  (running  into  the  Naugatuck  at  Beacon  Falls),  was  sold 
by  Cockapatana  and  other  Indians,  in  1709.  Orcutt's  Derby, 
1 19.  The  name  may  have  belonged  lo  High  Rock  on  the  w. 
side  of  the  river  (above  Beacon  Falls  village),  or  to  some  less 
remarkable  'point  of  rock'  on  the  e.  side.  A  school-district 
in  Beacon  Falls,  about  2  m.  east  of  the  Naugatuck,  is  called 
Nyumphs. 

Neaitoquaheagunnuch  (Quineb.) :  claimed  as  an  e. 
bound  of  Quinebaug  lands,  not  far  from  Atchaubenuck,  the 
s.  e.  corner.  C.  R.  Lands,  ii.  308.  Eastcrigw&di  Eascoheague, 
in  the  s.  w.  part  of  West  Greenwich  (and  n.  w.  part  of 
Exeter),  R.  I.,  are  modern  corruptions  of  the  name. 

Nehantic.     See  Nayantaquit. 

Neiteeguoweese  S  the  Mohegan  name  of  Ouonaquataug 
pond,  in  Charlestown,  R.  I.,  near  the  sea.  Wecapaug  brook 
runs  into  it,  near  the  west  end.  See  Indian  Map,  in  Mass. 
Archives,  xxx.  113;  Potter's  Narrag.,  267.  Pespataug"W& 
another  name  for  this  pond. 

:  'Nemo's  place,'  easterly  from  the  Great 


38 

Falls  of  the  Quinebaug,  where  Nemo,  a  kinsman  of  Ayumps, 
the  Quinebaug  sachem,  had  a  fort.  Ind.  Testimony,  1716. 
It  was  at  Acquiunk,  a  point  at  the  junction  of  the  Quinebaug 
and  Assawog  rivers,  now  in  Danielsonville.  Miss  Larned's 
Hist,  of  Windham  Co.,  i.  4. 

Nepash.     See  Nepaug. 

Nepaiiy :  a  small  stream  running  through  New  Hartford 
from  n.  w.  to  s.  e.,  to  Farmington  river  ;  which  gives  the  name 
to  a  village  and  post-office.  On  Blodgett's  map,  Nepash. 
The  two  forms  may  stand  for  the  two  forms  of  the  plural  of 
nippe  'water':  nippeog  and  nippeash  'waters':  but  more 
probably  the  modern  name  has  lost  the  first  syllable  of  the 
original,  and  stands  for  either  nunnipaug  'fresh  pond'  or 
wunnepaug '  good  pond,'  with  reference  to  the  source  of  the 
stream,  "Shepherd's  Pond." 

Neeshapauy,  Nashapoy :  from  neesh  '  two '  and  paug 
'pond ;'  described  in  Weramaug's  deed  of  1716  as  "two  ponds 
near  together":  in  (West)  Goshen,  sources  of  the  east 
branch  of  Shepaug  river.  The  larger,  Mashepaug  'great 
pond'  (now  Tyler's  pond),  by  contraction  ' 'Shepattg,  gave  a 
name  to  the  river :  the  smaller  is  now  called  West  Side 
pond  :  on  Blodgett's  map  it  is  "  Pauge  pond."  On  the  early 
Goshen  records  (see  Power's  Centen.  Address,  17)  the  small 
pond  is  called  Narshapogge.  (A  modern  map  gives  the  name 
of  Marshapogge  to  both.)  See  Nisopack. 

Neshiinganeset  brook  :  near  the  junction  of  Ashawog 
with  Pawcatuck  river.  Potter's  Narragan sett,  65.  In  Hopkin- 
ton,  R.  I.,  near  the  Connecticut  line  ? 

Newashe:  South  Windsor;  the  land  between  Scantic 
and  Podunk  rivers.  Ind.  deed  of  1636,  on  Windsor  Records. 
In  1614,  the  Dutch  explorers  of  the  Connecticut,  found  an 
Indian  town,  fortified  by  a  stockade,  in  lat.  41°  48'  no.,  very 
near  the  mouth  of  Podunk  river,  if  their  observation  was 
well  taken :  the  Indians  were  called  Nawaas,  and  their 
sagamore  was  Morahieck.  See  De  Laet's  Novus  Orbis  (ed. 
1633),  P-  72-  Newashe  is  probably  the  equivalent  of  the 
Dutch  Nawaas ;  but  I  can  make  nothing  of  the  name  in 
either  form. 


39 

NeivicJiawannak  (Nipm.) :  a  hill  in  the  s.  e.  part  of 
Pomfret  and  n.  e.  part  of  Brooklyn,  near  which  Gov.  Belcher's 
"Manor  of  Wiltshire"  was  laid  out,  in  1714.  Conn.  Arch., 
T.  &  L.  iii.  29.  "  NewitcJiawannah  hills,"  in  Col,  Rec.  Lands, 
ii.  203.  The  name  means  'at  the  fork  of  the  streams.'  See 
Compos.  Ind.  Geogr.  Names,  12. 

Niantic.     See  Nayantaquit. 

Xiptnuck,  -muff,  Hipnet:  the  territory  of  the  Nipmuck 
i.  e.  the  'fresh  water'  Indians.  From  nippe  'fresh  water'; 
nip-amaug  'fresh-water  fishing-place';  nippenit  'in  a  place 
of  water'  or  'well-watered.'  Nipmucks,  i.  e.  'fresh  water 
fishermen '  was  a  general  name  for  the  inland  Indians  betw. 
eastern  Massachusetts  and  the  valley  of  the  Connecticut. 
Their  principal  seats  were  no.  of  the  Conn,  line,  in  Worcester 
county,  Mass.,  and  along  Nipmuck  (now  Blackstone)  river. 
"The  Nipmuck  path"  led  up  from  Wequagnoc  on  the 
Shetucket,  near  Norwich  Town,  by  the  valley  of  Abaquag 
(Little)  river,  to  Abaquag  meadow.  Conn.  Arch.,  T.  &  L. 
ii.  271. 

Nippowance.     See  Rippowams. 

Nipsic,  Nipsu ck :  "an  elevated  plateau,  nearly  in  the 
centre  of  the  town  of  Glastonbury."  Glast.  Centenn.,  18. 
"A  clear,  cool,  bubbling  fountain"  of  ferruginous  water,  "for 
more  than  one  hundred  years  has  been  known  in  the  vicinity 
by  the  name  of  the  'pool  at  Nipsuck.'"  Ibid.,  and  Pease 
and  Niles's  Gazetteer,  1819.  From  nippis,  nips,  'a  pool'  and 
auke '  place.' 

Nisopack:  a  pond  in  Ridgefield.  Rev.  S.  Goodrich, 
1800.  The  equivalent  of  Neeshapaug  (q.  v.)  meaning  'two 
ponds'  or  'double  pond.'  The  name  belonged,  either,  to 
Great  and  Little  Ponds,  so  called,  (the  former,  near  the  n.  w. 
corner  of  Redding,)  or  to  "  Bennett's  ponds,"  near  the 
Danbury  line. 

PNisquitianxset  (Narr.) :  land  in  Westerly  and  Charles- 
town,  R.  I.,  east  of,  between  Misquamicut  and  Wecapaug,  on 
the  sea.  Potter's  Narrag.,  249;  Parsons,  19. 

?Niuppaquaxhneay  brook :  runs  southerly  from  Pocata- 
paug  pond  in  Chatham,  to  Salmon  river,  in  Haddam  neck, 


40 

opposite  Mount  Tom.  C.  Rec.  Lands,  i.  436.  Now  called 
Pine  brook.  The  name,  evidently  corrupted,  probably 
represents  wunni-appaquosinne-auke  'good  flag  place*  or 
where  flags  (appoquosinash,  for  making  mats,  etc.)  are  plenty. 
Comp.  Abaqnagy  and  Wabaquasset. 

\oniH'U'<uif/:  the  e.  branch  of  Pomperaug  river,  in 
Woodbury  ;  originally,  a  tract  of  land  on  or  near  that  river, 
nnnnaw-auke  (nunoh-oJike,  Eliot,)  'dry  land.'  It  gave  a  name 
to  one  of  the  Indian  proprietors  of  the  township,  a  Potatuck, 
who  appears  in  Indian  deeds  (printed  in  Cothren's  Wood- 
bury,  27-30,)  as  Nunnawauk,  Nunnawake,  Nunnawaake ; 
"  Nonnewauk  of  Potatuck,"  1705  (Col.  Rec.  Lds.,  ii.  377); 
Nonawak  (N.  Milford  deed,  1703) ;  Nanazvaug,  1711  (Orcutt's 
Derby,  120). 

Nooz<i-i)oye  (Narr.) :  a  fresh  pond  in  Westerly,  R.  I.  Its 
e.  end  was  in  the  w.  bounds  of  land  laid  out  to  Harvard 
college,  in  the  Pequot  country,  1675.  Stonington  T.  Rec. 
Lds.,  ii.  86.  For  Neeshapaugf  or,  N6osup  -paug  '  beaver  pond '  ? 

JVovoton  neck :  in  s.  w.  corner  of  Darien,  betw.  Good- 
wife  river  and  Noroton  bay.  The  river  which  divides  Darien 
from  Stamford  retains  the  name.  Huntington's  Stamford, 
6,  154;  C.  R.  Lds.,  ii.  322.  Another  form  of  Roaivayton,  or 
Roaton,  the  sachemdom  of  Piamikee.  See  Roawayton. 

Nor  walk :  the  modern  form  of  a  name  which  first  appears 
in  the  Colonial  Records  as  Norwaake,  Norwauke,  and  Nor- 
waack.  C.  R.,  i.  210,  224,  228.  In  the  Indian  deed  to  Roger 
Ludlow  (as  printed)  "the  river  called  Norwake"  is  the  w. 
bound.  Hall's  Norwalk,  30,  31.  Elsewhere,  Norwoake  (1662), 
Norwake  (1661),  etc.  The  fact  that  the  modern  spelling  of 
the  name  was  not  generally  adopted  for  ten  years  after  the 
purchase  and  settlement  of  the  town,  is  a  sufficient  reason 
for  rejecting  the  traditional  derivation  from  the  day's  "  north 
walk,"  to  which  the  bounds  of  the  plantation  were  extended, 
from  the  sea.  The  name  seems  to  be  the  equivalent  of 
Nayaugt  Noyack,  Nyack,  etc.,  '  a  point  of  land.' 

Nuequiauke:  land  on  the  forks  of  Salmon  river,  sold 
by  Seanan  to  Rich.  Lord,  1659.  Col.  Rec.,ii.  97  ;  C.  R.  Lds., 
iii.  36. 


41 

See  Wanungatuck. 

Wupslio liana  (1681),  Nipsquanauge  (1691):  a  tract  of 
land  at  "the  west  end  of  Little  Lebanon,"  granted  to  John 
Tracy.  Miss  F.  M.  Caulkins,  MS.  In  Bozrah  ? 

yywniplis.     See  Nayump  (2). 

Obscob.     See  Webomskat. 
Obtvebituck.     See  Anqnebatnck. 

Ohontowatlfce  (Moh.):  a  hiding  place  of  the  Pequots,  in 
the  Pine  Swamp  (Cuppacommock),  now  in  Ledyard.  Roger 
Williams  (in  3  M.  H.  C.,  i.  163)  gives  the  meaning  of  the 
name,  "owls'  nest:"  literally,  '  owl-place,'  or  a  resort  of  owls, 
mhcomau-auke. 

Onay unset.     See  Wunnegunset. 

Oneco  :  a  station  on  the  N.  Y.  and  N.  E.  Railroad  (and 
a  post-office),  in  Sterling,  near  the  e.  line  of  the  State,  are 
so  named,  from  Oneco,  or  Oweneco,  a  son  of  Uncas,  the 
Mohegan  sachem. 

'/Orenauy:  given  by  Cothren,  Hist,  of  Woodbury,  i.  12, 
as  (the  Indian  ?)  name  of  the  rocky  hill  e.  of  the  main  street, 
in  Woodbury. 

Oronoke.     See  Woronoke. 
Ousdtonur.     See  Housatonic. 

OusrlHuihinn.fiufl :  a  part  of  Windsor,  or  some  locality 
in  ancient  Windsor  bounds.  Stiles's  Windsor,  19.  Probably, 
a  '  fishing-place  for  eels,  or  lampreys.'  (Del.  schachamek,  an 
eel,  from  oitschacheu  '  smooth,  slippery ' :  schachamtki  "  the 
place  of  eels,"  Heckewelder's  Indian  Names.)  Skunkamug 
appears  to  be  a  contraction,  or  corruption  of  this  name  :  and 
Chesechankamuck  (q.  v.)  is  perhaps  an  equivalent,  with  the 
prefix  of  chc  (for  k'che)  '  great.' 

Otrcd it foitnoc.  See  Weantinock. 
Ow-wee-on-huny-ya-nuch'  (Moh.):  a  place  "where 
the  people  go  to  catch  salmon"  on  Willimantic  river,  "half  a 
mile  below  the  road  from  Hartford  to  Woodstock."  Chandler's 
Survey,  1705  :  Oivwaenunggannunck,  ibid.  (Map).  Between 
Willington  and  Tolland. 

Ootfeco'set:  creek  and  salt-meadow  in  Stonington,  i£  m. 
northeasterly  from  the  borough,  on  the  road  to  Westerly,  R.  I. 
6 


42 

This,  the  modern  form  of  the  name,  forbids  analysis.  If  it 
nearly  represents  the  Indian  pronunciation,  it  might  be 
resolved  into  oggussc  '  small '  (comp.  OxopaugsucK}  and  coasset 
'  place  of  small  pine  trees' :  or  might  be  formed  from  okkissego 
'productive/  'fertile'  (Pierson):  but  neither  of  these  inter- 
pretations seems  appropriate  to  the  locality  that  now  bears 
the  name.  Nagatoset  and  "Nagatositck  meadow"  (named 
in  Manasseh  Minor's  diary,  1699,)  perhaps  belong  to  the 
same  locality. 

Oacopaugsuck  (Moh.) :  now  Oxoboxo,  Okseboksee,  and 
Oxyboxy ;  "a  small  pond  in  the  no.  parish  of  New  London 
[now  Montville]  and  a  wild  dashing  brook  which  issues  from 
it  and  flows  s.  e.  to  the  Thames,"  near  Uncasville.  Miss 
Caulkins's  New  London,  1 23.  Otherwise  written,  Opseboxnk, 
Abscubogsct,  Abscubogsnck.  From  ogusse-paug  'small  pond' 
and  suck  '  outlet,'  i.  e.  the  brook  which  flows  out  of  the  small 
pond.  See  Cochikuack. 

?jPabac7iiinusk  (as  printed  in  Stiles's  Hist,  of  Windsor, 
106):  the  Second  Meadow  on  the  e.  side  of  Windsor  (Farm- 
ington)  river;  next  no.  of  Tauchaug.  Ind.  Deed,  1665.  At 
a  sharp  bend,  where  the  river '  turns  aside '  (pafdchaii)  eastward. 
In  the  last  syllable,  musk  is,  probably,  an  error  of  the  recorder 
or  copyist,  for  muck;  and  if  so,  the  name  designates  a  'fishing 
place  at  the  turning-place'  of  the  river. 

IPtibaquamsque  (Moh.) :  on  Quinebaug  river ;  granted 
to  Thos.  Tracy,  1695  :  Babaquamshk,  1680.  Miss  F.  M. 
Caulkins,  MS.  Named  from  a  'cleft  rock,'  papokquompsk. 

Pachwig :  river  in  Voluntown  and  Griswold,  giving  a 
name  to  a  school-district  and  manufacturing  village.  Its 
principal  source  is  Paucamaug  (now  Beach)  pond,  on  the  R.  I. 
line.  Flowing  south  by  west,  across  Voluntown,  it  'turns 
aside'  (pdchau)  in  the  so.  part  of  Griswold  (below  Doaneville) 
and  runs  north  by  west,  with  many  windings,  to  Hopeville, 
when  it  turns  again,  to  the  west,  and  enters  the  Quinebaug 
at  Jewett  City.  Pafkaug—pdckau-auke  denotes  a  '  turning- 
place'  whence,  perhaps,  the  river's  name  :  but  comp.  Pochaug 
river  (in  Westbrook).  There  is  a  Pachaug  Neck,  on  Taunton 


43 

River,  Mass.,  and  Patchogue,  in  Brookhaven,  L.  I.,  is,  probably, 
the  same  name  (though  one  or  the  other  of  these  names 
may  stand  for  footsai,  pmchoag,  or  pmchag  (Eliot),  Del. 
pntscheek,  'a  corner'  or  'recess'). 

Pachyatyoch :  a  hill  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  Kent  (Conn. 
Arch.,  Indians,  ii.  76,  80),  and  a  Moravian  mission-station 
near  it ;  now  Scatacook,  q.  v.  An  aged  Scatacook  Indian, 
in  1859,  recognized,  in  both  these  names,  corruptions  of 
Moh.  Pishgachtigok,  signifying,  "  the  confluence  of  two 
streams."  Morav.  Monuments  in  Conn.,  75.  Compare  Chip. 
Beketigweiag  "  where  the  river  divides  "  (Baraga) ;  the  eastern 
Piscataqna,  and  Piscataquog ;  and  see  Scatacook. 

PacIiqtifidHach  (Moh.) :  a  Moravian  mission-station, 
established  about  1744,  on  the  e.  border  of  Indian  Pond,  in 
the  n.  w.  corner  of  Sharon.  This  station  was  afterwards 
called  Wequadnach  (q.  v.).  It  was  west  of  Poconnuck  (i.  e. 
'clear  land')  mountain,  now  called  Indian  mountain.  See 
Memor.  of  Morav.  Monuments  in  Conn.,  65,  68,  75.  The 
name  is  from  pohque  'clear,  bare,'  -adeite  'mountain,'  and 
auke  '  place,  land.' 

Pacousett.     See  Pocasset,  Paugasset. 

P(i<1tiqnonh\     See  Pattaquonk. 

'.* l*<ii/hma iyali  (Moh.) :  a  tract  n.  and  e.  of  Massapeag; 
now  in  Montville.  Uncas's  deed  to  Rich.  Haughton,  in 
C.  R.  Lands,  i.  277. 

fPagonchawtnisciwi'ug :  land  sold  by  Massecup  (of 
Hartford)  to  Jona.  Gilbert.  Conn.  Arch.,  Court  Papers,  123. 

I*<ihcitpoy.     See  Pauquapaug. 

Pdheyansuc,  Peyansic,  hill :  in  the  s.  e.  part  of 
Glastonbury,  (Glast.  Centenn.,  16),  "three  miles  east  from 
Conn,  river"  (Col.  Rec.  Lds.,  i.  420).  It  is  called  "Bare 
[Bear?]  Hill"  in  the  Glastonbury  Records. 

Pahqnioke  :  in  Danbury.     See  Paquiang  (2). 

PamjMlS&egJSkZfiJke,  [-au&e?] :  the  west  boundary  of 
Runkinhege's  deed  to  Norwalk,  1652.  Hall's  Norwalk,  36. 
Goodwife's  River,  in  Darien  ?  Comp.  Paupasquachnke. 

"Panaheconnoh,  Panauhecamtuck :  a  pond  so.  of  the 
Mass,  line,  "at  or  near  Weataug,"  in  Salisbury  ;  called  "North 


44 

Pond,"  in   1743.     Col.  Rec.   Lands,  iv.  440-41,  60 1.     The 
larger  of  the  "  Twin  Lakes,"  lately  misnamed  "  Washining." 

See  Poquannoc. 

l^ahquioke,  Poquaug,  etc.:  denotes 
'clear  land,'  'open  country,'  jpaugui-au&f.  (Comp.  Poqnannoc 
'  cleared  land,'  i.  e.  land  from  which  the  trees  and  underbrush 
have  been  removed  ;  and  Poquetannoc  'broken  land/  land 
under  cultivation.)  The  name  assumes  various  forms  : 

1.  Pyquag,  Pyquaag:  Wethersfield  (meadows).    Col.  Rec., 
i.  19. 

2.  Pahquioke,  Paquiag,  etc. :  Danbury  (plain).    Col.  Rec., 
iii.  142,  240. 

3.  Poquiogh:  a  tract  e.  of  Jordan's  cove,  Waterford.     N. 
London  Records.     " Poquoyok  or  Uhuhio  River"  (Miss  F. 
M.  Caulkins,  MS.) 

4.  "  Puckquahaks   plain,"    in    Milford.      See   PoquaJiang. 
[In  other  States:  Poquaig,  or  Panqniang,  in  Athol,  Mass., 
on  Miller's  river,  al.  Payquaoge,  Payquage  (Worcester  Mag., 
ii.   293),  Paquayag   (Conn.    Rec.,   ii.    353);    and  Paquayag, 
Powquiag,   "about   Hudson's  river"    (Conn.  Rec.,  ii.  472). 
Pequawket  and  Pigwacket,  Fryeburgh,  Me.,  are  forms  of  the 
same  name,  with  the  locative  affix;  pauqti auk-it  'at,  or  on, 
the  open  land.'] 

Pasbeshauke  (Niantic) :  at  the  mouth  of  Conn,  river. 
J.  Winthrop,  Jr.,  1636,  in  4  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  vi.  514 
"  Pashpeshauks  alias  Saybrooke  Forte,"  in  Indian  deed  to 
Lyon  Gardiner,  1639.  Wequash  (Mason's  guide  to  the  Pequot 
fort  in  1637)  who  lived  "about  Connecticut  river's  mouth 
(Winthrop,  ii.  74) ;  describes  himself  as  "  of  Pasquishunk "  (or 
u Paskquishook")  in  1641.  See  Smith's  Guilford,  10,  69. 
Notwithstanding  the  unlikeness  of  the  names,  both  may 
denote  the  same  locality :  but  comp.  Pattaquasset. 

Pascoay  (Narr.):  river,  in  Burrillville,  R.  I.,  runs  easterly, 
to  Branch  river.  The  name  belongs  to  '  land  at  the  branch ' 
or  crotch  of  the  rivers. 

Passenchauy :  meadow,  "on  the  no.  side  of  a  creek," 
in  Middletown  (old  bounds).  Geo.  Hubbard's  will,  in  Hartf. 
Prob.  Rec.,  iv.  227. 


45 

Passquessit:  the  e.  end  of  Fisher's  Island.  Pres. 
Stiles,  Itinerary,  1761. 

fassquesit:  a  small  pond  and  brook,  in  the  no.  part  of 
Charlestown,  R.  I. :  al.  Paskuisset,  Posquissit.  Parsons, 
Ind.  Names  in  R.  I.,  21. 

Pattaqufisset  (Niantic) :  "alias  Conn,  river's  mouth." 
Recs.  U.  Cols.  (MS.)  1647.  Pataqtiasak,  in  Uncas's  deed  to 
Say  brook,  1666.  Lynde's  Point,  and  the  s.  e.  part  of  Old 
Saybrook.  See  Pasbeshauke. 

Pattaqnoiik  (Pad-,  Pate-} :  a  hill  in  Saybrook  (old 
bounds)  near  the  Haddam  line,  which  gave  a  name  to  the 
parish  that  now  constitutes  the  town  of  Chester.  Pattacunk, 
Col.  Rec.,  1761  ;  Patequonque,  1761. 

There  was  an  Indian  "  hot-house,"  or  sweating  place,  in 
this  hill  (see  PissepunK),  from  which  —  or  from  the  general 
shape  of  the  hill,  resembling  a  round  wigwam  (puttuckakaun, 
R.  W.,  Key,  31)  —  came  the  name,  meaning  'round  place.' 

2.  A  hill  of  moderate  elevation  in  East  Lyme,  near 
Niantic  bay ;  called  by  the  English,  "  Sergeant's  Head." 
Hist.  New  London,  171. 

jPattaqiionset,  Pattguanset:  a  pond,  near  the  village 
of  East  Lyme  ;  Pattagaw onset,  Pease  &  Niles's  Gazetteer. 
Pataguanset  (formerly  Mamacock]  brook  flows  from  it  to  the 
Sound,  a  little  w.  of  Black  Point.  The  name  seems  to  be  a 
diminutive  of  Pattaquonk,  with  the  locative  suffix  ;  '  at,  or 
near,  the  small  round-place '  —  hill,  wigwam,  or  sweat-house. 
The  same  name,  apparently,  is  found  in  R.  Island :  Petequonset 
and  Peteconset  bottoms,  on  the  borders  of  Pawtuxet  river, 
near  Pontiac  Mills.  Parsons's  Ind.  Names  in  R.  I.,  23. 

Pnttdquottuck :  "six  or  seven  miles  from  Woodstock," 
1687;  C.  Arch.,  T.  &  L,  ii.  163;  Col.  Rec.  Lds.,  ii.  163. 
Pottaquattic,  Miss  Larned's  Map.  A  factory  village  in  the  so. 
e.  part  of  Thompson,  on  Five  Mile  river,  retains  a  suggestion 
of  the  name,  as  Quaddic  (Quanduc,  on  Lester's  Map,  1833; 
Quassuc,  Hopkins's  Map,  1859).  Comp.  Pawtnckquacliooge. 

Pathiywadvhaiiy.     See  Pawtuckquachooge. 

Pattotnoy.     See  Tatomok. 

ck :  pond  betw.  Voluntown  and  Exeter,  R.  I., 


46 

the  source  of  Pachaug  river:  "Pocammack  or  Beech  pond" 
(Rev.  L.  Hart's  Account  of  Preston,  1801) ;  now  Beach  pond  ; 
On  Lockwood's  map  of  R.  I.  (1819),  "  Wolapeconek  pond." 
On  some  old  maps,  the  same  name,  Pocamuck,  is  given  to 
A  very 's  pond,  near  the  s.  e.  corner  of  Preston.  Paucamack,  — 
pauquamaug,  means  'clear'  (or  'open')  fishing-place:  but  in 
one  record  the  name  occurs  as  Ptuckcommuck,  which  may 
mean  either  '  round  house  (or  enclosure) '  p'tukki-komnk,  or 
'  round  fishing-place,'  p'tukki-amaug.  Wolapeconek  is,  cer- 
tainly, '  fine  clear  (or  open)  land/  ivulli  (=  wunne)  -paquoiink. 

Pandowaumset:  Winthrop's  Neck,  New  London.  Pres. 
Stiles,  1761,  MS.  So  called  from  some  'jutting  rock'  or  ledge, 
pmtoive-ompsk,  at  or  near  the  river.  Pohtaiyomsek  (which  see) 
is  another  form  of  the  same  name. 

Paug.     See  Neeshapaug ;  PisJtatipaug. 

Pant/asset,  Pawgasuck :  "  by  Derby  Ferry  and  about 
Derby  Neck."  Pres.  Stiles  (MS.  1761),  —  who  writes  the  name, 
as  pronounced  by  a  Paugusset  Indian,  Pawghkeesuck.  Paiv- 
gassett,  N.  Haven  Recs.,  1642  ;  Pawgasuck,  Pagasett,  Conn. 
Recs.,  ii.  249,  5^13.  The  name"  denotes  a  place  'at  which  a 
strait  widens,'  where  '  the  narrows  open  out'  Pocasset,  Powa- 
kasick,  at  Tiverton,  R.  I. ;  Pocasset,  in  Sandwich,  Mass.  ; 
Pequusset  and  Pigsgnsset  (at  the  widening  of  Charles  river, 
Watertown,  Mass.)  are  other  forms  of  the  name ;  and  see 
Pocasset  (in  Chatham,  Conn.). 

Pauyivotik,  Poytvonk :  a  small  pond  in  the  s.  e.  part 
of  Salem.  The  .tract  known  as  Pauguut,  or  the  Paugwonk 
lands,  included  all  or  nearly  all  the  township  of  Salem.  Col. 
Rec.,  iii.  93.  On  one  modern  map,  Paugwonk  becomes  "Carr 
Pond";  another  transforms  it  to  "Fairy  Lake."  The  inter- 
pretation of  the  old  name  as  "crooked  pond,"  which  was  given 
in  a  note  to  Col.  Recs.  Conn.,  iii.  93,  is  certainly  wrong:  but 
I  can  offer  no  other,  unless  we  may  find  in  Pogwonk  another 
of  the  many  corruptions  of  Poquanoc  (pauquun-tik]  '  cleared 
land,'  or  its  Mohegan  equivalent. 

Paukjimrohhoy :  near  the  mouth  of  Prior's  (or  Var- 
num's)  brook,  in  Canterbury.  C.  R.  Lands,  iii.  166.  Poakyow- 
ivohhog,  ibid.  168  ;  "  which  brook  runs  into  the  [Quinebaug] 


47 

river,  at  Payhoahoge"  ibid.  The  name  —  which  may  be 
another  corruption  of  Pohquiauke  or  Paquiaug  'clear  land'  — 
was  transferred  to  the  brook. 

Panpasquachuke  (Moh.) :  land  betw.  Pachaug  river 
and  the  no.  line  of  (North)  Stonington,  laid  out  to  William 
Billings  in  1681.  C.  R.  Lds.,  iii.  100.  Now  in  the  so.  part 
of  Voluntown  or  Griswold.  The  name  means  'double-hill 
land,'  papasku-adchu-auke ;  where  there  is  either  a  'double 
hill,'  or,  one  hill  opposite  another.  (Com p.  Pampaskcshanke.} 

Pauquap<ntg  :  '  clear,  or  open  pond',  pauqui-paug ;  of 
frequent  occurrence;  under  various  forms  (some  of  which 
cannot  be  confidently  distinguished  from  corrupt  forms  of 
pukun-  (or  appuhqui-}  paug  'flaggy  pond.'  See  Abaquag) :  — 

1.  Palicupog  (Narr.),  a  pond  in  the  east  bounds  of  land 
set  out  to  Herman  Garret,  the  Niantic  sachem,  in  1676  (Col. 
Recs.,  ii.  314)  ;  now  in  Charlestown,  R.  I.    Otherwise  called 
Cockumpaug. 

2.  Pequabuck  (al.  Poquaback,  Paquabaug)  river,  in  Plymouth, 
Bristol,  Plainville,  and  Farmington,  flowing  into  the  Tunxis, 
doubtless  takes  its  name  from  its  principal  source,  now  called 
"  Marshy  Pond,"  betw.  East  Plymouth  and  Bristol. 

3.  Pauquapaug  brook,  no.  of  New  Milford  bounds,  and  w. 
of  the  west  branch  of  Aspetock  river.    C.  R.  Lands,  iii.  384. 
The  name  must  have  been  transferred  from  some  pond  in 
the  vicinity, — perhaps,  Hatch  pond,  in  South  Kent. 

4.  Paquabaug  is  given  on  Cothren's  map,  Hist,  of  Wood- 
bury,  i.  21,  as  the  name  of  an  island  in  Shepaug  river,  in 
Roxbury :  but,  if  not  of  modern  invention,  it  must  have  been 
transferred  to  this  island  from  a  pond..   (The  Indian  name  of 
this  island  was  Munnacommuck,  q.  v.) 

Pautapauy,  mod.  Pettipauf/:  part  of  the  town  of 
Essex:  al.  Poattapoge  (1657),  Potabaugc  (1676),  Potopagtie 
(1761),  etc. :  originally,  the  name  of  the  North  Cove,  an  arm 
of  Connecticut  river.  It  denotes  a  bay  or  cove  that  has  a 
narrow  inlet  from  a  river  or  the  sea.  Eliot  uses  pmtuppog 
and  -pag,  for  'bay,'  in  Joshua  xv.  2,  5  ;  mod.  Abnaki./W^&jg-. 
The  literal  meaning  is,  a  'bulging  out'  or  'jutting'  (pmtdae) 
of  the  water,  inland. 


48 

1 I  \ittapong  pond,  in  s.  e.  part  of  Dana,  Mass.,  has  an  outlet 
to  Chicopee  river.  Whitney's  Wore.  County,  176.  Potopaco, 
of  Capt.  John  Smith's  map  of  Virginia,  now  transformed 
to  "Port  Tobacco"  (Md.),  is  another  form  of  this  name. 
Bideauboch  (Bellin's  map,  1744),  pronounced  by  the  modern 
Micmacs  Petoo'bok ,  was  the  Indian  name  of  Lake  Bras 
d'  Or  (=  Labrador)  on  Cape  Breton,  which  is  connected  with 
the  ocean  by  two  straits. 

Pautip&tlff,  Footapatlff :  in  Sprague  (formerly  the  n. 
e.  part  of  Franklin)  w.  of  Shetucket  river ;  the  name  of  an 
ecclesiastical  society  and  a  school  district.  Patapogtte,  Rev. 
Dr.  Nott,  1800,  MS.  ;  Pootapaug;  Portipaug,  etc.  Though 
spelled  and  pronounced  nearly  like  the  preceding  name,  it 
probably  has  a  different  meaning,  and  may  have  denoted  a 
boggy  meadow  or  miry  land — related  to  Chip,  petobeg  'a 
bog'  (Schoolcraft),  and  Abnaki  poteban  'to  sink  in  the  mire.' 

\Petapawage,  and,  with  locative  affix,  Petaupauket,  were 
Indian  names  of  a  part  of  Groton,  Mass.] 

Pawcatuck  river :  the  e.  boundary  of  Connecticut,  from 
the  point  at  which  it  receives  Ashawog  river,  southward  to 
the  sea.  Whether  the  name  originally  belonged  to  the  river, 
or  to  the  territory  w.  of  it  (the  east  part  of  Stonington) 
cannot  be  positively  determined.  Sometimes  the  territory  is 
mentioned  as  Pawcatucket,  i.  e.  '  at  Pawcatuck  ' :  e.  g.  "  some 
Pawkeatucket  Indians"  (Gov.  Hopkins,  1648,  in  4  M.  H.  C., 
vi.  341)  ;  but  more  commonly  without  the  locative  affix : 
"land  at  Paquatuck"  (Mass.  Rec.,  ii.  241,  1648);  "the  old 
Poccatnck  path"  (Deed  of  Uncas,  1650);  Pwokatucke  (R. 
Williams,  1649);  "  trading  house  at  Paivcatnck"  near  "that 
river"  (Col.  Rec.,  204)  ;  "inhabitants  of  Mistick  and  Pauca- 
tuck"  (Ib.  293)  ;  Poquatocke  (Tho.  Minor,  1656)  ;  "  the  river 
called  Paukatuck"  1666  (Col.  Rec.,  ii.  34,  37) ;  Pacatuck  (id., 
iii.  275)  etc.  If  the  name  belonged  first  to  the  territory  — 
the  eastern  part  of  the  Pequot  country  —  it  certainly  stands 
for  Paquat-auke,  i.  e.  '  Pequot  land '  :  but  if,  as-  is  on  the 
whole  more  probable,  it  belonged  to  the  river,  the  first  two 
syllables  stand  either  for  pauqua  '  clear,  open,'  or  for  pagwa 
'  shallow,'  and  the  last  syllable,  tuk,  denotes  a  '  tidal  river.' 


49 

Yet  neither  analysis  satisfactorily  disposes  of  the  name  of 
Paucatuck  or  Pacatuck  (1688)  brook,  in  West  Springfield, 
Mass. 

Paivtucket  (Narr.),  Powntucket  (Quineb.) :  at  the 
Great  Falls  on  the  Quinebaug  river,  at  Danielsonville. 
"  Powntuck  is  a  general  name  for  all  falls "  (Chandler's 
Survey,  and  Conn.  Archives,  '  Indians,'  i.  54) :  " Pau-luck-et, 
sometimes  pronounced  P own-tuck-uck"  (C.  Rec.  Lands, 
ii.  305,310). 

[2.  Pawtucket :  at  the  falls  on  Blackstone's  or  Pawtucket 
river,  in  North  Providence,  R.  I.  ;  "which  river  is  called  in 
Indian  Pautuck  (which  signifies,  a  fall)  because  there  the 
fresh  water  falls  into  the  salt-water."  Indian  Test.,  in  Col.. 
Rec.,  iii.  276.  "  Poountucket,  now  Patucket  Falls "  (Pres. 
Stiles,  MS.). 

3.  Patucket :  at  the  falls  on  Conn,  river,  at  South  Hadley, 
Mass. 

4.  Patucket:  "a  great  fishing  place  on  one  of   the  falls 
of  the  Merrimac"  (Winslow,  3  M.  H.  Coll.,  iv.  81)  :  now, 
Lowell,  Mass.     See  Mass.  Rec.,  i.  290.] 

Pautuxet,  Powntuxet :  '  at  the  little  falls '  of  the 
Quinebaug,  at  Jewett  City  in  Griswokl  :  "  Pow en-tux-it, 
sometimes  pronounced  Powen-tux-uck,  Little  Falls"  (Quineb. 
Ind.  testimony,  1701,  in  C.  Arch.,  T.  &  L.,  ii.  187  ;  C. 
R.  Lands,  ii.  308,  310).  Pautucks  (=  Pautuck-ese)  is  the 
diminutive  of  pautuck,  and  with  the  locative  affix  makes 
patituck-es-it,  or  pautuxet. 

[2.  Pawtuxet :  at  the  falls,  betw.  Cranston  and  Warwick, 
R.  L,  on  the  river  to  which  they  give  a  name. 

3.  Pawtuxent  falls,  on  Pawcatuck  river,  near  Westerly, 
R.  I.     Parsons,  21. 

4.  Patuxet,   Patuxat :    Plymouth,    Mass.      Mourt's    Rel. 
(Dexter's  ed.),  84,   99 ;   so-named,   from   some   '  little   fall/ 
probably  on  Town  Brook,  the  outlet  of  Billington  Sea.] 

Paivtuckquachooye  (Quineb.  or  Moh.) :  a  place  "at 
the  no.  end  of  Egunk  hill,  where  a  great  spring  issues  out 
and  runs  down  into  Moosup's "  river.  Chandler's  Survey, 
1705:  he  wrote  the  name,  "  Pat-hig-wad-chaug"  Hyems 

7 


50 

(Ayumps)  the  Quinebaug  sachem  had  a  fort  there,  in  1673. 
C.  Arch.,  T.  &  L.,  ii.  187-8.  PotighttigwotcJiaug,  in  Col. 
Rec.,  iii.  149.  Near  the  line  betw.  Plainfield  and  Sterling. 
The  name  seems  to  be  formed  from  petukqui  (Narr. 
puttuckqut)  '  round  '  and  wadchu  '  hill '  or  '  mountain  '  : 
petitkqu adchu-uk  'at  the  round  hill' ;  but  I  do  not  know  that 
there  is  any  such  hill,  near  the  locality  indicated,  that 
authorizes  this  interpretation.  Possibly  for  pautnck-wadchu 
'falls  hill.' 

Peaffscotnsuck :  an  island  in  Quinebaug  river,  near  the 
mouth  of  "  a  great  brook "  (Oweneco's  grant  to  J.  Fitch), 
which  gave  a  name  to  a  tract  of  land  on  the  west  side  of 
the  river,  and  to  the  plantation  that  became  the  town  of 
Canterbury  ;  al.  Pigscomsiick,  Pidgecomsuck  (C.  R.  Lands, 
ii.  1 66),  etc.  The  island  is  about  half  a  mile  above  the 
mouth  of  Varnum's  brook,  near  Packersville  in  Plainfield. 
See  Paukyowohhog.  (Comp.  Pesquamscot,  a  name  of  Warden's 
pond,  So.  Kingstown,  R.  I.  Potter's  Naragansett,  p.  ii.) 

Peagwompsh  (Moh.) :  the  upper  part  of  Moosup's  river, 
or  a  branch  of  that  river,  "near  3  miles  e.  from  the  no.  end 
of  Egunk  hill."  C.  R.  Lands,  iii.  169.  In  Sterling,  near 
the  R.  I.  line. 

JPcquabuck:  river  in  Plymouth,  Bristol,  Plainville,  and 
Farmington.  See  Paiiquapaug  (2). 

Pequannoc.     See  Poquannoc. 

Pequot,  -od :  a  name  given  by  the  English  to  the  w. 
part  of  the  conquered  Pequot  country,  near  Pequot  (New 
London)  harbor.  A  grant  for  a  plantation  "at  or  near 
Pequod"  was  made  to  John  Winthrop,  jun.,  by  the  Mass. 
Court,  in  1644;  and  next  year  Roger  Williams  addresses  him 
"at  Pequt" :  but  Williams  often  wrote  the  name  with  the 
locative  affix,  " Pequatit" 

The  tribe  to,  which  Connecticut  and  Narraganset  Indians 
gave  the  appellation  of  Pequttoog  or  Paquatauog,  i.  e. 
'  destroyers,'  and  the  English  that  of  Pequots,  was  a  branch 
of  the  Muhhekanneuk.  Only  the  small  band  of  Uncas  retained 
the  national  name,  which  was  anglicized  as  "  Mohegans." 

Pettpatauf/f  JPaspatanage  (Narr.) :  "  a  place  called 
Wecapaug  or  Pespataug,"  or  Passpatanage,  was  the  e.  bound 


of  the  Pequot  country  (Ind.  Testimony,  1661,  in  Potter's 
Narraganset,  248),  near  the  east  line  of  Westerly,  R.  I.  See 
Muxqiiata  and  Wecapaug. 

Pesuckapaug.     See  Pishatipatig. 

Petuckquapauf/ :  Dumpling  pond,  in  Greenwich,  a 
'  round  pond '  petukqui-paug,  gave  a  name  to  the  e.  part  of  the 
township :  otherwise  written,  Petuckquapock.  The  Dutch 
called  this  tract  of  land  Petuckquapaen.  N.  Y.  Hist.  Docs., 
i.  545  ;  Mead's  Greenwich,  20. 

?PetuJtiinok:  Chester  river  is  so  named  on  Jefferys's 
Map,  17/4;  doubtless  a  corruption  of  Pattaquonk  (which  see) 
of  which  this  stream  was  the  south  bound. 

Pif/scomsuck.     See  P'eagscomsuck . 

Pishatipauff,  Pissatapauff :  a  pond  at  the  s.  w.  corner 
of  Durham,  partly  in  Guilford,  No.  Branford,  and  Wallingford, 
now  called  Pistepatig — in  which  shape,  occasionally  shortened 
to  "  Paug,"  it  has  been  imposed  on  a  hill  east  of  the  pond 
("Pistepaugh  Mountain"),  and  on  the  no.  part  of  North 
Branford,  now  Northford.  Pishatipage,  \  674  ;  but  Pesucka- 
paug,  in  the  Indian  (Nausup's)  deed  to  Guilford,  1687;  C.  R. 
Lands,  iii.  147;  and  in  the  Guilford  patent,  1685.  Pissagki 
(or  pishagqua)-paug  means  'muddy  or  miry  pond.' 

Pishgachtigok  (Moh.).     See  Pachgatgoch. 

?Pisquheege:  "the  Indian  name  of  Stratford."  Pres. 
Stiles  (MS.  Itinerary),  1761.  Now  in  Huntington. 

Pissepunk:  hill  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  Huntington. 
Private  Acts  (ed  1837),  p.  1152.  The  name  doubtless  came 
from'  an  Indian  '  hot  house '  (Narrag.  pesuponk)  somewhere 
on  or  near  this  hill.  "  This  hot-house  is  a  kind  of  little  cell 
or  cave,  six  or  eight  foot  over,  round,  made  on  the  side  of  a 
hill,  commonly  by  some  rivulet  or  brook  ;  into  this  frequently 
the  men  enter  after  they  have  exceedingly  heated  it  with 
store  of  wood,  laid  upon  an  heap  of  stones  in  the  middle,"  etc. 
(R.  Williams).  "  A  lot  at  Indian  Hill,  in  Portland,  is  called 
Hot-house  lot,  because  it  had  one  of  these  holes  in  it. 
There  was  one  of  these  at  Pattaquonk  in  Chester  ;  and  a 
swamp  opposite  Saybrook- Point,  in  Lyme,  is  called  Hot-house 
swamp,  from  the  same  circumstance."  Field's  Stat.  Account 
of  Middlesex  County,  5. 


52 

See  Paukyowohhog. 

Poittaskehunr/,  Pooataskhegung  brook:  runs  into  Wut- 
toonug  (now  Rocky)  river,  in  the  so.  part  of  New  Fairfield. 
C.  R.  Lands,  ii.  333;  iii.  257;  C.  Arch.,  T.  &  L.,  viii.  155. 

Pocas'set,  Pocowset:  pond,  and  boggy  meadow,  near 
Conn,  river,  in  Portland  ;  on  mod.  maps,  Pecausset ;  "  boggy 
meadow  in  Pacousett"  in  a  deed,  1678  ;  "  place  called  Boggy 
Meadow  in  Pochasset"  C.  R.  Lands,  ii.  178.  The  pond 
and  meadow  are  'at  the  widening'  above  the  Straits  of  the 
Connecticut,  whence  the  name.  See  Paugasset. 

Pochaug1:  Westbrook  was  so  called  (as  a  parish  of 
Saybrook)  till  1810:  Pooachoage  (Steph.  Post's  Inventory, 
1659);  Pochawg  (Rich.  Lord,  1667);  on  some  mod.  maps, 
Patchogue.  Pochaug  river  and  the  Manunkateset  river,  come 
together,  near  Manunkateset  Point.  The  two  were  regarded 
by  the  Indians  as  one  '  divided'  river ;  oxApohsh&og  describes 
the  place  '  where  they  divide  in  two.'  See  Pachaug. 

Pocon'ock :  Milford  point,  west  of  the  Great  Meadow 
(whence  its  name),  at  the  s.  w.  extremity  of  the  town  :  means 
'cleared  land.'  See  Poquannoc. 

Pocotopaug :  a  large  pond,  in  Chatham,  e.  of  Easthamp- 
ton  village,  not  far  from  Marlborough  line  :  al.  Poacatoobuck, 
Pawgutabogue,  (mod.)  Pokatapaug,  or  Hampton  pond.  The 
meaning  of  the  name  is  obscure,  but  the  interpretation  which 
seems  most  probable  is  '  divided  pond/  pohqutae-paug.  The 
pond  is  double,  composed  of  two  nearly  circular  ponds  united 
by  a  short,  narrow  strait. 

Po'dunk:  e.  of  Conn,  river,  near  the  line  between  South 
Windsor  and  East  Hartford  :  Podunk  brook  flows  s.  westerly 
through  So.  Windsor,  to  the  Connecticut,  at  the  E.  Hartford 
no.  line.  Potunck,  Col.  Rec.,  i.  304.  In  the  Indian  deed  to 
Windsor,  1636,  this  "brook  or  rivulet"  is  "called  Potaecke" 
(Stiles's  Windsor,  1 10)  ;  in  a  deed  of  1671,  Potunke  (id.  113); 
in  1687,  Podunk  (id.  112). 

[2.  Quabaug  pond  in  Brookfield,  Mass.,  "now  more  generally 
denominated  Podunk,  from  a  tract  of  meadow  adjoining,  which 
the  Indians  called  Podunk."  Whitney's  Wore.  County,  77.] 

3.  Potunk,  a  neck,  or  a  branch  of  Shinnecock  bay  which 
bounds  it,  in  Southampton,  L.  L] 


53 

Poyivonk.     See  Paugwonk. 

Pohio.     See  Uhuhioh. 

Pomacltaug,  Pamechaye  (Moh.):  a  tract  of  land  on  the 
Mohegan  reservation  w.  of  the  Thames,  betw.  Sepos-tamesuck 
and  Massawamasog  coves  (Moh.  Case,  251):  al.  Pawmechaug, 
Pomechoag,  Pummachog,  etc.  The  meaning  of  the  name  is 
not  ascertained.  It  admits  of  two  or  three  interpretations : 
it  may  stand  for  knppomachaug  (Narrag.  cuppimachaug,  R. 
Williams)  'thick  wood';  or,  for  pummeche-auk  'land  lying 
across/  or  '  crossing '  the  Mohegan  path  above  Massapeag. 

Pomacuck  (Moh.):  a  tract  of  500  acres  laid  out  to 
Major  John  Mason,  in  1665  ;  al.  Pomoacooke.  C.  R.  Lands, 
i.  328,  ii.  169;  Col.  Recs.,  i.  432,  ii.  49.  "Upon  Deep  River 
brook,  near  the  borders  of  Lebanon  and  Franklin."  Hist. 
Norwich,  151. 

Pomperauy :  a  tract  of  land  bought  by  the  first  planters 
of  Woodbury,  in  1673,  on  both  sides  of  the  river  since  called 
by  the  same  name :  al.  Pomperage,  Pomparague  (Cothren's 
Woodbury,  i.  24,  39)  ;  Pompawraug  (Col.  Rec.,  ii.  148)  ; 
Paumperaug  (id.  227).  Rev.  Azel  Backus,  in  MS.  Account  of 
Bethlem,  1812,  writes  :  "Pumporooge  river.  .  an  Indian  name 
signifying  Open  wider" ;  but  no  such  meaning  can  be 
extracted  from  it.  (His  informant  probably  confounded 
Pomperaug,  with  Paugasset,  which  see.)  Local  tradition 
derives  the  name  from  a  Potatuck  sagamore,  whose  fort  was 
on  or  near  "Castle  Rock"  in  Woodbury :  but  no  evidence  to 
support  this  derivation  has  been  found  in  the  town  or  colony 
records,  and  the  form  of  the  name  makes  it  certain  that  it 
originally  belonged  to  a  place,  not  to  a  person.  A  heap  of 
stones,  in  the  village  of  Woodbury  is  supposed  to  mark  the 
grave  of  Pomperaug,  on  which  "  each  member  of  the  tribe, 
as  he  passed  that  way,  dropped  a  small  stone,  in  token  of  his 
respect  for  the  fame  of  the  deceased  "  (Cothren's  Woodbury, 
i.  88).  Such  memorial  stone-heaps  -were  common  in  New 
England.  From  the  one  in  Woodbury  both  the  locality  and 
the  mythic  sachem  probably  received  their  name,  which  may 
be  interpreted  'place  of  offering,'  or  'contributing.' 

Pompwangamig:  hill  betw.  Woodstock  and  Thompson  ; 
al.  Pomponagang  (Miss  Larned's  Map). 


54 

mountain:  in  Kent,  near  the  N.  Y.  line. 
C.  Archives,  Towns  &  Lands,  vii.  46.  (1731.) 

l*tmfo<>sur  :  now  appropriated  to  a  hill  in  the  s.  w.  part 
of  Glastonbury  (Glast.  Centenn.,  17),  but  properly  belonging 
to  the  falls  on  Roaring  Brook ;  a  corruption  of  Powntuk-suck 
'falls  on  the  brook.' 

[2.  Pittsfield,  Mass.  ;  originally,  the  falls  on  the  brook 
issuing  from  Pontoosuc  lake,  at  the  place  which  now  retains 
the  name.  Hon.  John  Stoddard,  1739,  wrote  " Poontooksttck" 
(Hist.  Magazine,  x.  317).] 

JPoodJi'tintttk  (Moh.) :  in  the  so.  line  of  the  Mohegan 
territory,  as  claimed  by  Uncas  ;  "the  top  of  a  great  hill,"  ab. 
3i  m.  easterly  by  north  of  Pumpumbashunk  (Lyme  cedar- 
swamp).  Chandler's  Survey,  1705.  Poodhumseck,  1666,  Col. 
Rec.,  iii.  149.  Mount  Pisgah,  near  the  n.  w.  corner  of  East 
Lyme.  The  name  is  the  equivalent  of  Pohtaiyomsek,  and 
Paudawaumset  (q.  v.)  'a  projecting  rock.' 

Poppotonuck  mountain  ;  on  the  w.  border  of  Granby, 
extending  into  Hartland :  so  named  on  Blodgett's  map. 

Poquahaiifi :  Milford  island,  now  Charles  island,  was  so 
called,  according  to  Lambert,  Hist.  N.  H.  Colony,  147.  This 
is  the  Indian  name  for  the  round  clam  (poqtiauhock,  R 
Williams) ;  but  here,  it  is  probably  a  corruption  of  Pauqua- 
auke  'clear  land  '  (see  Paquiaug}.  "  Puckquahatis  plain  "  in 
Milford  is  named  in  Rich.  Baldwin's  inventory,  1665.  See 
Poquannoc  (5). 

Poquan'noc,  Peqtion'nuc,  etc. :  a  name  common  to 
all  '  cleared  land,'  i.  e.  from  which  the  trees  and  bushes  had 
been  removed,  to  fit  it  for  cultivation.*  The  Indian  planting- 
lands  were  either  pauque-auke,  land  naturally '  clear,  open '  (see 
Paquiaug),  or  pauquun-auke  land  made  clear,  'a  clearing'  : 
after  it  had  been  once  planted  or  dug  over,  it  was  called 
pauquettahhun-auke,  land  '  opened  '  or  '  broken  up '  (see 
Poquetannoc]. 

»  *  In  my  paper  on  the  composition  of  "Indian  Geographical  Names"  (1870), 
I  was  misled  by  tradition,  which  seemed  to  be  corroborated  by  analysis  of  the 
word,  and  suggested,  as  probable,  the  derivation  of  some  forms  of  Poquannoc 
from  p&guanau-ohke  'place  of  slaughter'  or  'destruction,'  i.  e.  a  battle  field. 
Further  examination  assures  me  that  this  cannot,  in  any  instance,  have  been  the 
meaning  of  the  name. 


55 

Of  localities  designated  as  '  cleared  land/  we  find,  in 
Connecticut, — 

1.  Poquonock,  in  the  north  part  of  Windsor,  on  and  near 
the  Tunxis  (Farmington)  river ;  now  the  name  of  a  village 
and  post- office  :   Paquanaug,  in  deed  from  Plymouth,  1637, 
in  C.  Rec.  Lds.,  1.412;  Paquanick,  Poivquaniock,  Poquonock, 
Paquaanocke,  in  Windsor  Records,    1636-59 ;   Pequanucke, 
1644  (Col.  Rec.,  i.  459). 

2.  The  w.  part  of  (old)  Stratford,  now  Bridgeport,  on  both 
sides  the  river  that  still  retains  the  name,  as  Pequonnock. 
Paquanocke,  Pequannocke,  Col.   Rec.,  1639-40  ;  Paquanake, 
id.  1678;  Pauguanuck,  Pres.  Stiles,  1761. 

3.  Poquonock  plains  and  meadow,  in   Groton,   near  the 
cove  and  river  to  which  the  name  has    been   transferred. 
Paquanunk,Poquanuck,  N.  London  Recs.,  1649;  Poquannock, 
T.  Miner,  1657. 

4.  Paquanauge,  in    Glastonbury,  near   Ashowasset   and 
Mawnantuck  ;  where  Turramuggus  sold  land  to  S.  Boreman 
and  Tho.  Edwards,  1673.     C.  R.  Lands,  i.  425. 

5.  Poconock:    Milford   point,    so.    and   w.    of    the    Great 
Meadow  —  to  which  probably  the  name  originally  belonged. 
There  was  an  Indian  village  there. 

6.  Poconnuck  (now  called,  Indian)  mountain,  in  the  n.  w. 
corner  of  Sharon  and  s.  w.  corner  of  Salisbury.     A  place 
near  it  was  called  by  the  Moravian  Missionaries,  Paquatnach 
(q.  v.)  'bare-mountain  place.' 

[There  is  a  town  of  the  same  name  (PequannocK)  in 
Morris  Co.,  N.  J.  Pokanoket,  (al.  Pacanauket,  Pockenocket, 
etc.),  near  Mount  Hope,  Bristol,  R.  I.,  designated  a  place 
'  on,  or  at,  cleared  land/  pauqiiun-auk-it.  The  name  occurs 
curiously  disguised,  in  Tippecanoe  (Ky.  and  Ind.),  which  is 
a  corrupted  abbreviation  of  kehti-paquonunk  'at  the  great 
clearing/  the  site  of  an  Indian  town  on  the  Wabash  river. 
Filson  (Hist,  of  Kentucky)  wrote  it,  KatJitippacanunck. 

Poquariatuck,  Paquantuck,  river :  has  its  source  in 
Ponaganset  pond,  2  miles  east  of  the  Connecticut  line. 
Parsons's  Ind.  Names,  22  ;  C.  A.,  Col.  Bds.,  i.  202. 

l*oquauy.     See  Paquiaug. 


56 

Poquecltanneeg  (Moh.) :  the  Lebanon  Five-Mile  pur- 
chase is  described  in  Oweneco's  deed,  as  "at  a  place  called 
by  the  Indians,  Poquechanneeg"  Hist,  of  Norwich,  151. 
PohqnasJiinne  (Eliot),  as  descriptive  of  a  tract  of  land,  a 
valley,  or  field,  means  'open';  but  I  am  not  sure  that  it 
occurs  in  this  name :  Pockawachne,  in  the  Delaware  dialect, 
means,  "  a  creek  between  two  hills,"  according  to  Zeisberger : 
and  Poquechanneeg  may  be  its  Mohegan  equivalent. 

Poquetan'noc  (Moh.) :  a  cove  on  the  e.  side  of  Thames 
river,  in  Ledyard  and  extending  beyond  the  s.  line  of 
Preston ;  a  stream  that  runs  into  the  head  of  this  cove ;  and  a 
manufacturing  village  on  it,  retain  this  name,  which  originally 
belonged  to  a  tract  of  land  conveyed  to  Jona.  Brewster,  by 
Uncas,  1650,  described  as  "a  plain  of  arable  land,  bounded 
on  the  so.  side  with  a  great  cove,  called  Poccatanocke" 
(N.  Lond.  Rec.) ;  Pogatanack  brook,  1669  (Col.  Rec.  Lds., 
i.  308)  ;  Paiicatunnuc,  Pres.  Stiles,  1761.  The  name  means 
'  land  opened,  or  broken  up,'  i.  e.  that  had  been  planted,  or  was 
prepared  for  planting,  (see  Poquannoc.)  Uncas's  deed  to  N. 
London,  1669,  of  lands  on  "  Puccatannock  river,"  reserved 
to  the  Mohegans  the  right  to  improve  their  "lands  already 
broken  tip." 

JPotapauff.     See  Pautapaug. 

Pohtaiyomsek  (Moh.) :  "a  great  rock,"  the  s.  w.  bound 
of  the  Mohegan  country  (Col.  Rec.,  iii.  149)  :  in  Chandler's 
Survey,  1705,  (Moh.  Case,  50)  this  rock  is  called  Wattiompsk, 
"  by  the  English,  Stone's  rocks."  Pohtaiyomsek  is  the 
equivalent  of  Poodhumsk,  and  Paudowaumset,  (which  see,)' 
denoting  a  projecting  or  'jutting  rock'  or  ledge,  pcotoae-ompsk. 

Potaquattic.     See  Pattaquottuck. 

fo'tatuch,  Powtf  atuck :  the  equivalent  of  Pautucket 
(q.  v.)  or,  more  exactly,  of  Moh.  powntuckuck,  denoting  '  the 
country  about  the  falls':  a  name  given  to  the  lands  on 
Housatonic  river,  north  of  Paugasset  (Derby  narrows),  and 
particularly,  to  a  place,  now  in  Southbury,  nearly  opposite  the 
mouth  of  Potatuck  brook  in  Newtown,  where  there  was 
a  village  of  Potateuk  or  '  Falls  Indians.'  The  name  was 
applied  by  the  English  planters,  to  (i)  Housatonic  river ; 


57 

"  Potateuk  river,"  in  Ind.  deed  of  Woodbury,  Cothren,  i.  22  ; 
Pnttatuck  river,  id.  25  ;  Pootatuck,  1673  ;  Potatuck,  Col. 
Rec.,  ii.  513,  iii.  164;  "the  Great  River  called  Pontertock" 
1671,  C.  Rec.  Lands,  i.  421.  (2)  A  tract  of  land  included  in 
the  Newtown  purchase:  " Potatnke  and  the  lands  adjoining," 
1667;  Powtatuck,  Pottotock,  C.  Rec.,  ii.  75,  128,  194.  (3)  The 
stream,  Potatuck  (and  Poughtatuck)  brook,  which  runs  through 
this  tract,  northerly,  to  the  Housatonic.  (4)  The  Indian 
village  before-mentioned,  in  Southbury  ;  called  Potatik,  by 
the  Moravian  missionaries.  (5)  Still  river,  which  runs  through 
Danbury  and  Brookfield  to  the  Housatonic,  was  sometimes 
denominated  Potatuck  river.  C.  R-  Lands,  iii.  257. 

Potuckco'8  ring,  or  Ash  Swamp,  in  the  n.  e.  quarter  of 
(old)  Waterbury,  now  in  the  n.  w.  part  of  Wolcott,  is  named 
in  a  deed  of  1731.  Bronson's  Waterbury.  279.  Otherwise, 
Tucker s  Ring,  and  Ptuckering  road  :  "so  called  from  Potticko 
\ratnckquo,  Patuckco^\  one  of  the  first  signers  of  the  first 
Waterbury  deed,  who  is  said  to  have  kindled  a  fire  in  the 
form  of  a  large  ring,  around  a  hill,  when  hunting  deer,  and 
to  have  perished  within  it"  (Orcutt's  Derby,  xcvi.).  Potuckco 
(Narr.  puttukki,  Mass,  petukqui})  means  'round';  but  the 
place-name  may  have  been  taken  from  the  personal  name. 
A  Patackhouse,  sister  of  Nessehegen  of  Pequannoc,  signed 
a  deed  to  Windsor  in  1665  (Stiles's  Windsor,  106). 

PFromisecfe  :  a  tract  of  land  betw.  Shepaug  river  and 
the  present  w.  line  of  Southbury  is  so  denominated  in  an 
Indian  deed  in  1729,  according  to  Cothren's  Woodbury,  i. 
31.  The  first  syllable,  at  least,  is  corrupt ;  for  no  Potatuck 
Indian  could  have  pronounced  it,  as  written. 

PuctehunKonnuek,  Pawkhuntfernoch  (Moh.) :  a 
hill  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  North  Stonington,  extending  into 
Voluntown ;  now  more  commonly  called,  Pendleton  Hill. 
A  local  tradition,  I  used  to  hear  some  forty  years  ago, 
associated  this  name  with  "  killing  a  bear,"  but  no  such 
meaning  can  be  extracted  from  it ;  though  it  is  just  possible 
that  the  modern  form  disguises  (Narr.)  paukunnawaw-auke 
'  bear  place.' 

'.' l*ii,rkkiin'nuniiau<j  (Moh.) :  named  .in  a  deed  (in  C. 
8 


58 

Rec.  Lands,  i.  293),  as  a  pond  near  the  n.  w.  bounds  of 
(North)  Stonington,  into  which  a  brook  runs  from  Anclia- 
inaminackkaiinock  (Amos  Lake) :  now  called,  Avery  Lake,  in 
s.  e.  corner  of  Preston.  The  termination  of  the  name  shows 
that  it  belonged  to  land,  not  water :  perhaps,  pohquashinne- 
aiike '  open  country.' 

l'tif//i</non mirk.     See  Poquannoc. 

I*uinjn(iitfKfs/tun/,',  Pumpinbashoonk  (Moh.):  one 
of  the  so.  bounds  of  the  Mohcgan  country  (Col.  Rec.,  iii. 
149)  ;  not  far  westerly  from  the  point  at  which  the  e.  line  of 
East  Haddam  meets  the  no.  line  of  Lyme ;  at  or  near 
"  Lyme  cedar  swamp,"  and  ab.  5  m.  n.  n.  e.  from  Conn,  river 
(Chandler's  Survey,  1705).  Near  Cedar  hill,  in  n.  e.  part  of 
Lyme. 

P  unset.     See  Cockapdnset. 

Piiscomattas,  Pane-,  (Narr.)  :  "  a  great  pond,  near  the 
w.  end  of  a  cedar  swamp,"  no.  of  Tishcattuck  swamp,  in 
Westerly,  R.  I. :  one  of  the  w.  bounds  of  Hermon  Garrett's 
(Catapazet's)  land.  Potter's  Narrag.,  65.  Probably  Borden's 
(or  Chapman's)  pond."  Parsons,  Ind.  Names,  22. 

PuttticuwnummshcMh'  (Moh.)  :  near  the  s.  e.  corner 
of  the  Quinebaug  lands,  according  to  Quineb.  Ind.  testimony, 
1706,  in  C.  A.,  T.  &  Lands,  ii.  188:  al.  Patconi-uinmscott, 
ib.  (See  Wiannumeisses.}  Comparison  of  the  two  forms 
of  this  name  indicates  an  original  puttukke-omsc-ut  (Mass. 
petuhqii ompsk-nt}  'at  the  round  rock.'  [Pcttiquamsctit  (South 
Kingstown,  R.  I.),  Pultuckquomscut  of  Roger  Williams,  is  a 
Narraganset  equivalent.] 

Pyq-aaay.     See  Paquiaug  (i). 

Qiiacfatamj' :  hill,  half  a  mile  e.  of  the  head  of  Mystic 
river,  in  Stonington :  Quahkuttoge ;  "  the  Indian  fence  at 
Quakquetoug"  T.  Minor,  1675  ;  Quaukataugk' ,  Pres.  Stiles. 

2.  Quequetagc,  Quecatuck,  Quequathanick  (Narr.),  on 
Pawcatuck  river,  betw.  the  mouth  of  Ashawog  river  and 
Achagomiconset  brook,  which  runs  from  Borden's  pond,  in 
Westerly,  R.  I. ;  the  n.  e.  corner  of  the  Misquamicuck 
purchase,  1660;  "near  where  Crandall's  saw-mill  stood," 


59 

i68i.  Potter's  Narragansett,  65,  242,  246,  248.  Quatuck, 
Parsons,  24. 

3.  Quacgtaug,  "  a  piece  of  upland,  running  into  the  Indian 
great  cedar  swamp  in  Charlestown,  R.  I."  Potter,  305. 

Qufidic.     See  Pattaquottnck. 

Oita<i<tn<tpo.)cet,  -pasct:  salt  marsh,  near  the  harbor's 
mouth,  New  London,  1649.  Hist.  N.  London,  82  ;  C.  R. 
Lands,  i.  280.  Apparently  for  qucquanne-paug-es-it  '  shaking 
marsh,  at  the  small  pond.' 

Qunnapauf/:  a  'long  pond,'  quinni-paug,  in  Newtown, 
now  Taunton  pond  and  (to  a  select  few)  "  Fountain  Lake." 
Its  name  was  transferred  to  the  brook  (now  Pond  brook) 
which  runs  from  it  to  the  Housatonic,  near  the  Brookfield 
line  :  "a  brook  which  cometh  out  of  a  pond  called  Quenopooke" 
(Deed  to  Jno.  Hurd,  1671);  "  Queannepauge  .  .  now  known 
by  the  name  of  Newtown  "  (Newtown  Rec.,  i.  40).  Comp. 
Quinebaug. 

2.  "  The  name  of  a  small  stream  in  Woodbnry  that 
empties  into  the  Nonnewaug  river"  (Hon.  Wm.  Cothren, 
MS.).  I  suspect  that  the  name  is  misapplied :  it  certainly  is, 
unless  derived  from  some  'long  pond,'  at  the  source  of,  or 
near,  the  brook. 

Otiantis&et.     See  Quinetussit. 

Onandock  brook  :  in  Sterling  and  Killingly,  a  no.  branch 
of  Moosup's  river.  See  Poquanatock,  and  Yantuckkoyog. 

Onantucl\'oyoy.     See  Yantuckkoyog. 

OKffssapauf/:  a  large  pond  in  the  n.  w.  part  of  Middle- 
bury,  partly  in  Woodbury ;  the  source  of  Eight-mile  river. 
Col.  Rec.,  iii.  70.  Neither  of  the  interpretations  suggested 
by  Mr.  Cothren,  — "  Rocky  pond,"  or  "  Beautiful  clear 
water"  —  are  admissible.  Dr.  Anderson,  in  Orcutt's  Derby, 
xcvi,  proposes  qunnosu-paug  'pickerel  pond,'  to  which  the 
only  objection  is  that  after  names  of  fish,  -mang  'fishing 
place,'  was  used,  instead  of  -pang  'pond,'  or  -tuck  'river.' 
The  Rev.  Azel  Backus  (Account  of  Bethlem,  1812,  MS) 
interpreted  the  name,  as  "signifying  Little  pond"  —  but  he 
certainly  was  wrong:  Quassapaug  is  not  a  small,  but  the 
largest  pond  in  that  region,  and  may  have  been  denominated 


6o 

k'che-paug,  i.  e.  'greatest  pond' — a  name  easily  corrupted  to 
Onassiipang  (mod.  Qnaspang}. 

O(«'h<((ftffttu/.     See  Acquebaquaug. 

Ont"<nnbo</:  a  cove,  and  neck  of  land  w.  of  it,  about 
half-way  from  Mystic  river  to  Stonington  borough :  Qnanabog, 
Quaiombog,  Man.  Minor,  1704  The  name  seems  to  denote 
'  a  place  of  drawing  nets,'  or  '  where  fish  are  taken  in 
draw-nets':  Narr.  quomphunk  'a  drawing  net/  quomphau  'to 
draw  a  net.' 

Ouidnii:     See  Acqueedennuck. 

OiiiitfiiHOf/c  (Narr.)  :  "a  great  fresh  meadow"  northerly 
from  the  head  of  Wecapaug  brook,  near  the  n.  w.  corner  of 
Charlestown,  R.  I.  Niantic  Incl.  Testim.,  1706,  in  Potter's 
Narragansett,  264.  The  name  seems  to  stand  for  quinii auiaitg 
'  long-fish  place,'  and  R.  Williams  gives  qunnamdug  as  the 
Narraganset  name  for  'lampreys'  (Key,  p.  1 14). 

Onin'<'b<in<i':  'long  pond';  a  name  of  frequent  occur- 
rence in  New  England  : — 

1.  Quinebaug,   a    long    pond,    now    in    the   s.   e.    part  of 
Killingly,  gave  a  name  to  the  Quinebaug  tribe  of  Indians, 
and  to  the  river  which  flows  through  their  country,  uniting 
with    the    Shetucket    near    Norwich.      Qunnubb&ggtt    Gov. 
Endicott,  1651  ;  Quinibange,  Col.  Rec.,  1671.    The  report  of 
the  commissioners  on  Indian  titles  in  1701  (C.  R.  Lands,  ii. 
305)    gives  the  boundaries  of   "  the   land    that  is   properly 
called  Quinnabang  country."     On  the  river,  their  northern 
bound  was  Pawtucket,  the  Great  Falls  at  Danielsonville  ;  the 
southern,  Pawtuxet  ("Powentuxet ")  the  Little   Falls,   near 
Jewett-City. 

2.  Quonepaug,  or  QuinnipaugJi  pond  in  the  n.  e.  part  of 
Guilford,  the  principal  source  of  West  river.     The  hill  west 
of  this  pond  is  called  Quonepaug  hill. 

3.  Quanapaug,  in  Newtown  (q.  v.). 
Qufameh'tukqut:  the  Connecticut  valley;  land  'on  the 

long  tidal-river,'  quinni-tukq-ut.  See  Compos.  Ind.  Geogr. 
Names,  8.  R.  Williams,  1643,  wrote  Quinnihticut,  for  the 
territory ;  and  Quintikoock,  the  Indians  who  inhabited  it. 
Quinnektukqut,  Cotton's  Vocab. ;  Qninctncqnet,  Cambridge 


6i 

Recs.,  1636;  Kenetigcot,  Father  Dreuillettes,  1648;  Conitte- 
kock,  Dutch,  1653,  in  N.  Y.  Col.  MSS.,  i.  543. 

Quinetutfset,  Ommfisset  (Nipm.) :  an  Indian  village 
ab.  "  6  m.  south  [east]  of  Maanexit "  (Gookin)  :  on  Thompson 
hill,  near  the  centre  of  the  town.  Qudnutusset,  Eliot ; 
Quatissik,  Quatiske,  Mass.  Rec.,  iv.  (2),  357-8.  "The  ruins 
of  an  old  Indian  fort"  stood  on  this  hill,  in  1727.  Col.  Rec. 
Lands,  iv.  539. 

On  in  it  ////<Yr,  Qtt'iUi/>i<if\  etc. :  New  Haven  ;  originally, 
the  land  near  the  head  of  New  Haven  harbor  and  the  estuary 
of  Ouinnipiac  and  Mill  rivers.  The  name,  quinni-pe-auke, 
means  '  long-water  land  '  or  country.  It  is  the  equivalent  of 
Kcimebcc  (Abn.  kmenibeki) :  see  Compos.  Incl.  Geogr.  Names, 
15.  In  the  Mohegan  and  Narraganset  dialects,  the  first 
syllable  was  pronounced,  quin;  by  the  Conn,  river  Indians, 
quil;  and  by  the  Indians  west  of  the  '  long  water,'  qnir: 
hence  the  variety  of  forms  under  which  the  name  appears 
in  early  records.  The  Dutch  called  the  natives  of  this  region, 
Quiripeys ;  Pres.  Stiles  heard  the  name  from  an  East  Haven 
Indian,  as  "Quinne-py-ooghq";  Capt.  Stoughton,  1637,  wrote, 
Qnillipeage. 

Onift((p<'((</<'  rock:  near  the  mouth  of  Thames  river, 
on  the  New  London  side  ;  "  either  the  light-house  ledge,  or 
long  rock,  half  a  mile  s.  w.  of  the  light-house"  (Hist.  N. 
London,  58).  Quinnapeag,  the  mod.  name  of  rocks  n.  e.  of 
the  light-house  may  be  a  corruption  of  Quittapeage ;  though 
it  might  be  probably  referred  to  the  cove  and  pond,  on  the 
main  land,  a  little  no.  of  the  light-house,  qninni-pe-auk. 

Otto(l(ft«-/,'sinirksef  brook :  in  Groton,  runs  southerly 
to  Mumford's  cove.  Pres.  Stiles,  MS.,  1762.  The  name 
belongs  to  some  locality  on  the  brook  or  cove  —  perhaps  to 
an  Indian  path  which  crossed  it.  Quttuckshunkset  means 
'  at  the  turning  place  '  or  '  bend.' 

Quon'aeontaug'  (Narr.):  a  neck  of  land  in  Charlestown, 
R.  I.  North  of  it  is  Ouonacontaug  or  Conaqnetogue  salt 
pond  (otherwise  called  Pespatnn^  and  Neekceqitowese),  partly 
in  Westerly,  into  the  end  of  which  runs  Wecapaug  brook. 
"  A  neck  of  land  called  Quanecontack?  Ind.  deed,  1660;  Col. 


62 

Rec.,  ii.  155;  Qnantacuntage,  1677,  ibid.  589;  Conaqnotoag, 
Dwight's  Travels,  iii.  37. 

Quon'atucfc,  Omnmil  nek:  flat  meadow  in  Stonington, 
about  half  a  mile  from  the  borough,  northerly,  on  the  w.  side 
of  Lambert's  cove,  extending  to  the  mouth  of  Stony  brook, 
on  the  n.  e. ;  "  Quanotock  harbor,"  1677.  The  name  originally 
belonged  to  the  cove;  qnnite-tuk  'long  tidal-river,  or  estuary,' 
'  long  cove.' 

OHOHHC.     See  Wcquonuck. 

OtHH/uif/tHfsotif/  (Moh.)  brook  :  near  the  n.  e.  corner  of 
(old)  Norwich  bounds.  C.  R.  Lands,  ii.  no;  Hist.  Norwich, 
58.  Now  Cutler's  brook,  in  n.  w.  corner  of  Griswold,  running, 
through  Clayville  pond,  to  the  Quinebaug. 


?JRfi/toitfUH'ss :  a  plain  e.  of  Byram  river,  in  Greenwich. 
Rev.  C.  W.  Baird,  from  Albany  Land  Recs.,  vii.  171. 

lt;ijtjtfnr<uiis  :  a  river  in  Stamford,  now  Mill  river  ;  and 
the  territory  on  both  sides  of  it.  N.  Haven  Col.  Rec.,  i.  69: 
Huntington's  Stamford,  6,  154;  al.  Nippoivance  (Capt.  Jno. 
Mason,  1643,  in  4  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  vii.  415). 

I!<>«n'ayton,  Jfofftan  :  Five-mile  river,  betw.  Norwalk 
and  Darien,  and  lands  near  it.  "  Piamikin,  sagamore  of 
Roatan"  Deed  of  1645,  m  Huntington's  Stamford,  95  ; 
Rooaton,  1652,  Hall's  Norwalk,  36;  "Five  Mile  river  or 
Roawayton"  1652,  N.  Haven  Rec.,  ii.  105.  An  equivalent, 
in  the  dialect  of  the  s.  w.  coast  of  Connecticut,  of  Noroton, 
q.  v.  In  the  Ind.  deed  to  Capt.  Patrick,  1640,  (Hall,  31,)  it 
is  Noewanton  [for  -anton?\  On  mod.  maps  the  point  of  land 
e.  of  the  river  in  Norwalk  is  named  Norroaton,  and  "  Roton  " 
point ;  and  the  river  betw.  Darien  and  Stamford,  a  railroad 
station,  and  post-office,  retain  the  name  of  Noroton:  and 
there  is  a  Rozvayton  post-office  in  Norwalk. 

lionkrnheyne,  Rounkanheige :  land  betw.  Five- 
mile  river  and  Pine  brook,  in  the  e.  part  of  Darien. 
N.  Haven  Rec.,  ii.  105,  106.  In  1651-2,  Rnnckinhege  and 
other  Indians  sold  to  the  Norwalk  planters,  the  lands  e.  of 
Pampaskeshauke  brook  (Goodwife  river)  "called  by  the  name 


63 

of    Rinickinlicage,    Rooaton,   or  by   whatsoever    name,"    etc. 
Hall's  Norwalk,  35,  36. 

Iftfffdtroo:  "now  called  the  East  river  of  Guilford." 
Incl.  Deed,  1686,  in  Smith's  Guilford,  73.  The  Mohegan 
name  of  this  river,  or  of  lands  near  it,  was  Moosamattuck  : 
see  the  Agreement  with  Uncas,  1641  (id.  66). 


'i  Sujna  (Moh.):  in  the  e.  line  of  the 
Wabaquasset  country,  northerly  from  Quinebaug  falls. 
Oweneco's  Deed,  1684,  in  C.  R.  Lands,  ii.  118,  119. 

Sagumps/ffetuck  (Moh.):  the  more  northerly  and  west 
erly  of  two  tracts,  each  containing  a  large  boggy  meadow, 
granted  by  Joshua  to  Major  Jno.  Talcott,  1675.  C.  R.  Lands, 
iy-  334-  I11  Bolton,  Coventry,  or  Andover.  The  name 
signifies  '  land  at,  or  near,  a  hard  rock,'  scPgk-ompsk-it-auke ; 
and  probably  was  taken  from  some  prominent  block  of  trap, 
or  exposed  ridge  of  the  trap  dike  that  crosses  Andover,  from 
s.  w.  to  n.  e.  The  prefix,  siogke  and  soggoh  of  Eliot  (Abn. 
saag/ii,  Chip,  songi]  '  hard '  distinguishes  the  kinds  of  stone 
most  used  by  the  Indians  for  making  axes,  lance-heads, 
pestles,  etc.  (Comp.  Tomheganomset!) 

Str.sco  swamp,  where  the  Pequot  fugitives  were  overtaken 
and  cut  off,  in  1637,  was  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  Fair  field  ;  Sasco 
creek,  in  Westport,  crosses  the  N.  Y.  and  N.  Haven  railroad, 
near  the  Green  Farms  station ;  Sasco  hill,  a  ridge  on  the  e. 
side  of  Mill  river,  extends  to  the  Sound.  Sasqug,  1644. 
Sasquanaugh  is  probably  another  form  of  the  same  name: 
"  Romanock,  sachem  of  Aspetuck  and  Sasquenaugh,"  Col. 
Rec.,  iii.  282.  See  also,  Sesqnankit.  The  name  denotes 
marshy  land,  or  swamp.  It  is  the  equivalent  of  Mass. 
wososki,  wososhki  (ut  wososhquit  "in  the  marshes,"  Eliot), 
Del.  assiskene  'marshy,  muddy,'  and  Abnaki  aseskm  'mud,' 
p'sazeske  '  muddy.' 

8a&8UCk8UCki  a  little  no.  of  the  mouth  of  Ten-mile 
river,  w.  of  the  Housatonic.  C.  R.  Lands,  iv.  548.  In  the  s.  w. 
corner  of  Kent.  The  brook  which  enters  the  Housatonic 
from  the  west,  near  Bull's  bridge  ? 


64 

a  river  in  Westport,  which  flows,  through 
a  broad  estuary,  to  the  Sound,  not  far  from  the  e.  line  of 
Norwalk ;  Soukatuck,  1640.  The  name  originally  belonged 
to  the  estuary,  saukt-tuk  k  outlet  of  a  tidal-river.' 

SauquoneiMtcieock:  a  Pequot  village,  on  the  w.  side  of 
the  Thames  river,  above  Mangunckakuck.  R.  Williams, 
1638,  in  4  M.  H.  Coll.,  vi.  251.  Sohkunkquok-auke  'land  in 
a  high  place '  or  '  on  a  height '  ? 

Sea  it' tic,  Sftmttick  :  a  small  river,  flowing  s.  w.  through 
East  Windsor,  to  the  Connecticut,  at  the  present  line 
betw.  East  and  South  Windsor :  it  gives  the  name  to  a 
manufacturing  village,  in  the  centre  of  the  town.  "  The  river 
Skeantucke"  was  the  no.  bound  of  Newashe,  in  the  Indian 
deed  of  1636.  For peskatnk  a  'branch  of  the  (Connecticut) 
river,'  or  '  where  the  river  branches.'  Comp.  Scatacook  (for 
Peskatuk-ohke) . 

ScafacookfScfoaghticoke:  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  Kent, 
on  the  w.  side  of  the  Housatonic,  at  and  near  the  mouth 
of  Ten-Mile  river :  a  corruption  of  the  name  which  was 
written  by  the  Moravian  missionaries,  "  Pachgatgoeh"  or,  as 
pronounced  and  interpreted  by  a  Scatacook  Indian,  in  1859, 
Piskgachtigok,  "signifying  the  confluence  of  two  streams" 
(Morav.  Memor.  in  N.  Y.  and  Conn.,  75) ;  more  exactly, 
'the  place  where  a  river  branches,  or  divides,'  'at  the  branch.' 
It  is  the  equivalent  of  Piscataqua  (N.  H.),  Piscataway 
(N.  J.  and  Maryland)  and,  probably,  Pasqnotank  (N.  C.),  and 
the  Chip,  beketigweiag  (Baraga).  See  Compos.  Incl.  Geogr. 
Names,  p.  1 1. 

[2.  Schagh'ticokc,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.  Y.,  at  the  junction 
of  Hoosac  river  with  the  Hudson  :  "  land  at  Schautecdgue" 
1685;  Skaahkook,  1710;  Schackhook^  Sc/iagkook,  1688;  etc.] 

Scitico,  Skittico :  in  the  e.  part  of  Enfield,  on  Scantic 
river,  and,  like  the  name  of  that  river,  a  corruption  of 
peskatuk  '  at  the  branch,'  or  of  pcskatuk-ohke  '  land  at  the 
branch.'  See  Scatacook. 

Sconnoups  brook :  in  Salisbury,  "  runs  out  of  the  south- 
ernmost of  two  large  ponds  almost  close  together  "  [the  Twin 
Lakes].  Salisb.  Prop'rs  Rec.,  1739.  Succonups,  in  Judge 


65 

Church's  Address  (1842).  The  brook  issues  from  the  n.  w. 
end  of  the  pond,  near  Chapinville,  and  runs  n.  and  n.  easterly 
to  the  Housatonic  in  Sheffield,  Mass.  The  name  has  been 
corrupted  to  Schenob  and  Kisnop  (which  see). 

Scucurra,  mod.  SkoJeorat:  Snake  hill,  no.  of  Bladen's 
brook,  in  Seymour.  Lambert's  N.  H.  Colony,  88  ;  comp. 
Stiles's  Hist,  of  the  Judges,  84.  "  Scucurra,  or  Snake  Hill," 
in  Ind.  Deed,  1685.  "A  long  ridge  or  hill,  ab.  a  mile  e.  of 
Naugatuck  river"  (Orcutt's  Derby,  xciv).  Scuc-  is,  probably, 
Moh.  skooks  (Narr.  asktig,  Del.  achgook}  '  snake.' 

'fSecinkitni :  near  the  line  betw.  Glastonbury  and  Marl- 
borough.  Glast.  Centennial,  17. 

Sebethe :  the  little  river,  at  Middletown,  so  named  on 
recent  maps.  The  name  —  if  genuine  —  stands  for  (Mass, 
and  Narr.)  sepoese  '  small  river.'  See  Mattabesic. 

VSechenayaug :  "in  the  e.  part  of  Glastonbury,  adjoining 
Hebron."  Chapin,  in  Glast.  Centenn.  (referring  to  Glast. 
Land  Recs.,  iii.  54,  55  ;  iv.  232,  234  ;  v.  282). 

tii'iH>.ret9  Setiexsett :  valley  and  meadow  adjacent  to 
Muddy  brook,  in  the  e.  part  of  Woodstock,  1684.  Miss  E. 
D.  Larned's  Hist.  Windham  Co.,  i.  19,  49 ;  Windh.  Prop'rs 
Rec.,  1714. 

Sv(j-poockef  Seepokc:  land,  so  called,  "bought  of  Hermon 
Garrett's  father,"  by  Richard  Smith,  was  the  eastern  bound 
of  Nisquitianxset,  a  tract  sold  by  Awashous  and  Nucom 
(Narragansets),  in  1661.  Potter's  Narrag.,  249.  The  land  was 
in  the  s.  w.  part  of  Charlestown,  R.  I.,  between  Wecapaug 
and  Pauwaget  (or  Charlestown)  pond,  from  one  or  the  other 
of  which  was  transferred  the  name  of  see-paug  '  salt  pond.' 

Srsf/ H  fin/tit  (for  -ftnkit?)  :  a  place  w.  of  Connecticut 
river,  to  which  the  Pequots  were  pursued  by  the  English,  in 
1637.  R.  Williams,  in  letter  to  J.  Winthrop,  Aug.  20,  1637. 
The  same  as  Sasco  ? 

Sepos-tatnesuckf  Sepcvwtamesuck  (Moh.) :  a  brook 
and  Cove  on  the  w.  side  of  the  Thames,  in  the  Mohegan 
reservation.  It  was  the  southern  boundary  of  Pomechaug. 
Scf>os  means  '  little  river '  (sepoese,  Eliot). 

Sfoan'nocfc,  S/tu'nock   river :    in    North    Stonington, 

9 


66 

formed  by  the  union  of  Assekonk  and  Phelps's  brooks,  in 
Milliovvn  village  ;  runs  e.  and  s.  to  Pawcatuck  river  at  the  n. 
e.  corner  of  Stonington.  The  name  is  the  equivalent  of 
Moh.  shawwunk  '  place  where  two  streams  meet.' 

2.  Shannock  hill,  in  the  so.  part  of  Richmond,  R.  I.,  w. 
of  AsJiuniunk  [Charles]  river.     Parsons,  Ind.  Names  in  R.  I., 
10.     Shannock,    Col.    Rec.,  ii.  420.     Transferred   from    the 
river,  —  or  rather,  from  the  point  of  junction  of  Wood  and 
Charles  rivers. 

3.  "  The  river  called  by  the  Indians  Shannuck,  and  by  the 
English,  Paugatuck?     Report  on  Narr.  lands,  1677,  in  Col. 
Rec.,  ii.  590.     Also  written,  Ashnniunk.     The  main  branch 
of  Pawcatuck  river,  from  Warden's  pond  to  the  junction  with 
Wood  river. 

Shantoc.     See  Mashantucket. 

Shawwunk  (Moh.)  :  "  a  neck  of  land  between  Pachaug 
[river]  and  a  brook  that  comes  into  it  from  the  southward." 
Chandler's  Survey,  1705.  In  Voluntown,  near  the  e.  line  of 
Griswold  ;  it  was  one  of  the  e.  bounds  of  the  Mohegan 
country.  This  name  denotes  a  'place  where  two  streams 
meet/  literally,  'a  place  between;'  but  if  Chandler's  SJiaw- 
waamug  represents  the  name  correctly,  it  means  a  'fishing 
place  where  two  streams  meet'  or  'at  the  crotch  of  the 
river.'  Comp.  Showattuck,  Shetucket,  Shannock. 

?  Shawngum  :  "  a  hill  and  valley  in  Torrington,  above 
Wolcottville.  The  hill  rises  from  a  plateau  between  the  east 
branch  of  the  Naugatuck,  and  Still  River."  Orcutt's  Derby, 
xcvii.  Comp.  Shawwunk. 

?  Sheaups  pond :  named  in  the  will  of  Joshua,  the  son  of 
Uricas,  as  recorded,  C.  A.,  Indians,  i.  30.  By  the  copyist's 
error  for  Shenups  ?  See  Mo shenup stick. 

Sheganishkachoke :  the  n.  e.  bound  of  Soso's  deed  of 
Misquamicuck  (Westerly,  R.  I.).  West.  Records,  i.  3. 

Shehatige:  land  reserved  for  planting-ground  by  the 
Indians  of  Stamford,  in  deeds  of  1640  and  1667  ;  the  head- 
land east  of  Wescott's  cove,  in  s.  e.  part  of  Stamford. 
Huntington's  Stamford,  94,  98. 

She'kom'eko :  mod.  Chic'omi'co :  an  Indian  village,  about 


67 

2  miles  s.  of  the  present  village  of  Pine  Plains,  Duchess  co., 
N.  Y.  ;  a  Moravian  mission  station,  1740-44.  Ckicomico 
creek,  which  runs  n.  westerly  through  Pine  Plains  township, 
perpetuates  the  name,  which  local  tradition  misinterprets, 
'  Little  mountain.'  It  is,  obviously,  formed  from  'she,  'che  (for 
miske,  or  kche)  'great'  and  fcomuk  (Eliot),  or  comaco,  'house,' 
or  'enclosed  place.'  The  place  may  have  been  so  denominated 
(like  Weramo-comaco,  in  Virginia,  and  Narr.  sachimma-como- 
nock,  'sachem's  house,')  from  the  'great  lodge'  of  some 
Mohegan  chief,  or  because  here  was  the  'great  village'  of 
the  tribe. 

Shenecosf set :  a  neck  on  the  east  (Groton)  side  of  New 
London  harbor's  mouth:  Senacosset,  Pres.  Stiles,  1761; 
Shinikosset,  1654,  Miss  Caulkins,  MS. 

Shenunkchooge  (Ouineb.)  :  near  the  n.  e.  corner  of  the 
Quinebaug  country,  claimed  by  Hyems ;  a  little  w.  of 
WisJiquo diniack :  al.  SJicnukchoog.  Ind.  Test.,  in  C.  A.,  T. 
&  Lands,  ii.  188.  Near  the  e.  line  of  the  State,  in  Killingly, 
or  Foster  (R.  I.). 

Shepaiuj  river,  in  Litchfield  county,  takes  its  name  from 
the  'great  pond'  which  is  its  principal  source,  Litchfield  pond 
(or  Bantam  lake) :  "  a  river  coming  forth  of  a  pond  called 
Shippoack"  C.  R.  Lands,  i.  421  :  " SJiippaug  or  Great  Pond 
was  the  name  of  Litchfield  pond,  and  gave  the  name  to  the 
river."  Rev.  A.  Backus's  Acco't  of  Bethlem,  1812. 

SlH'tiick'et,  Shawtncki't  (Moh.):  properly, land  'between 
the  rivers '  nashaue-tuk-it,  and  near  their  confluence,  in 
Norwich  ;  transferred  to  the  stream  which  receives  the 
Quinebaug  and  unites  with  the  Yantic  to  form  the  Thames  : 
al.  Showattuckket,  Shawtukket ;  Showtucket  river,  Norw. 
Rec.,  1669;  Col.  Rec.,  ii.  403.  The  "Showtucket  Indians" 
occupied  the  crotch  of  the  Quinebaug  and  Shetucket  rivers  : 
"pronounced  by  the  Indians  Shootucket :  .  .  I  am  informed 
signifies  confluence"  Rev.  Dr.  Nott's  Acco't  of  Franklin, 
1800,  MS.  See  Wunnashowatuckqut. 

[2.  Shewatuck,  small  stream  in  North  Kingstown,  R.  I., 
southerly  from  Wickford:  al.  Shewatucket,  and,  with  the  form 
of  a  diminutive,  Sliowatucquese.  Potter's  Narrag.,  33,  305.] 


68 

•S7/  ipim  a  :  part  of  Stamford.  "  Wascussue,  sagamore  of 
Shippan,"  joined  "Ponus,  sagamore  of  Toquams,"  in  the  sale 
of  that  township,  including  Darien,  to  Capt.  Turner,  in  1640. 
The  name  is  now  appropriated  to  a  peninsula,  terminating  in 
"  Shippan  point,"  betw.  Stamford  harbor  and  Wescott's  cove. 

S/t  n  n  o  ch'.     See  Shannock. 

Sfffffof/.     See  Sttckiang. 

?SiiHH'sstftt:  in  e.  bounds  of  the  Mohegan  country,  in 
Col.  Rec.,  iii.  149,  corresponds  to  Sneeksuck  of  Chandler's 
Survey,  Moh.  Case,  48. 

?Sioascock:  Greenwich;  Mead's  Greenwich.    Doubtful. 

Sknnh''<unn<i:  a  brook  which  runs  southerly  through 
Tolland  and  Coventry,  receiving  several  smaller  brooks,  and, 
in  the  so.  part  of  Coventry  and  Andover,  named  Hop  river. 
Comp.  Ouschankamaug ;  Cheeschankamuck. 

[2.  The  south  side  of  the  parish  of  Great  Marshes,  (in 
Barnstable)  Mass,  i  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  i.  232. 

3.  ?  Shonkamonke  pond  (now,  Pontoosuc  Lake),  in  Pitts- 
field,  Mass. ;  a  source  of  one  branch  of  the  Housatonic.  Hist. 
Mag.,  x.  317.] 

Sktui/.'scHt.     See  Kongscut. 

Sneeksnck  (Moh.):  <la  stone  house  on  a  ledge,  or  lodge 
of  hollow  rocks,"  in  the  Mohegan  e.  line,  if  miles  n.  n.  e. 
from  Mahmansuck  [Billings's  pond,  in  North  Stonington] 
and  ii  miles  s.  20°  w.  of  a  pond  called  Yoskowongamuck. 
Chandler's  Survey,  1705.  In  the  so.  e.  part  of  Griswold, 
near  the  line  of  Voluntown.  The  name  probably  belonged 
to  one  of  the  brooks  that  feed  Pachaug  river.  The  first 
syllable,  sneek,  stands  for  assinek  (hassunnek,  Eliot),  of  which 
Chandler's  'lodge  of  rocks'  is  a  literal  translation  (though 
Eliot  uses  the  word  for  any  'cave'  or  'den').  The  Mohegan 
bound-marks,  says  Chandler  (Moh.  Case,  50),  "are  all  very 
remarkable,"  and  if  this  "stone  house"  has  not  been  destroyed, 
it  may  easily  be  found.  The  "  Devil's  Den  "  and  its  "  chim- 
ney," in  Sterling,  would  well  enough  answer  the  description, 
but  they  were  too  far  to  the  no.  and  east. 

Snip' sic.     See  Moshenupsuck. 

Soin'asick.     See  Meshomasick. 


69 

Sonk'ipog.     See  Sunkifaug. 

Sqiiam'icMcJi,  Squomacut.     See  Misquamicuk. 

?Squotuc:  a  tract  of  land  comprised  in  J.  Pynchon's  deed 
to  Suffield.  Sykes's  Hist.  Address,  32.  The  same  as  Scantic? 
(Comp.  Scatacook.} 

Suc/Sifuif/,  Sicfaiock,  etc.:  the  Hartford  meadows; 
suckiauke  'black  (or,  dark-colored)  earth.'  The  Dutch  records 
name  "  Sickajoock,  a  flat  extending  about  one  league  down 
along  the  river"  (N.  Y.  Col.  Mss.,  ii.  139)  ;  "  Suckiage,  alias 
Hartford,"  Ind.  Agreement  of  1670:  Sicaogg,  1642,  3  Mass. 
Hist.  Coll.,  iii.  161. 

Sti  ti/.'ijtfi  IKJ,  SoitkijiOf/:  a  spring  or  brook  of  'cool 
water,'  sonkipog  (Eliot)  :  a  name  specially  appropriated  to  the 
source  of  Bride  brook,  in  East  Lyme,  and  to  the  brook  itself, 
sonkipaug-suck  'cool-  spring  outlet.'  See  Hist.  N.  London,  49. 
See  Massapequottuck-sonkipog,  and  Egunk-sonkapoug. 

Susguetomseuty  Sukskotu/niscot  (Moh.)  :  a  rocky 
stream,  flowing  from  Lebanon,  through  Franklin,  s.  e.,  to 
the  Yantic  river,  near  the  s.  e.  corner  of  Bozrah  :  al. 
"  Susquoetomscutt,  or  Saw-mill  brook."  The  last  two  syllables 
of  the  name  (=  ompsk-ut  '  at  the  rock  ')  shows  that  it 
originally  belonged,  not  to  the  brook,  but  to  some  locality  on 
or  near  it.  The  meaning  of  the  first  two  syllables  (the 
adjectival  prefix)  is  obscure. 

'*Sn-ff/ofr/ii/  :  on  the  w.  side  of  Niantic  bay.  Hist.  New 
London,  124.  In  Waterford,  or  East  Lyme. 

'/  Swichichof/  :  "a  rocky  point  in  Mohegan,  w.  side  of 
the  river"  Thames  ;  given  to  John  Allyn,  1672.  Miss  F.  M. 
Caulkins,  MS. 

brook  :  in  the  w.  bounds  of  Bethel. 


Tfif//i  kff  H'H  lie,  Tfi  Hf//t  k<i  nf//i  ii  *>/,%  mod.  Taconic 
mountains  :  west  of  the  Housatonic  river,  on  the  w.  border 
of  Salisbury,  and  of  Berkshire  county,  Mass.  Mount  Everett, 
near  the  s.  w.  corner  of  Massachusetts  is  the  highest  of  the 
range.  Taghkanick  creek,  in  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  gives  its 
name  to  a  township  (formerly  Granger)  through  which  it 
passes.  The  name  has  been  said  to  mean  "  water  enough," 


70 

and  to  have  been  taken  from  a  spring  on  the  w.  side  of  Mount 
Tom,  in  Copake,  N.  Y.,  which  was  a  favorite  resort  of 
Indians  (French's  N.  Y.  Gazetteer,  249).  This  interpretation 
is  certainly  wrong  ;  but,  of  a  dozen  more  probable  ones  that 
might  be  suggested,  I  cannot  affirm  that  any  is  certainly 
right.  The  least  objectionable  is  'forest'  or  'wilderness' ;  the 
Delaware  tachanigeu,  which  Zeisberger  translates  by  "  woody, 
full  of  woods,"  from  tokone  "the  woods" — but  literally, 
'wild  lands,'  'forest.'  A  sketch  of  Shekomeko,  drawn  by 
a  Moravian  missionary  in  1745,  shows  in  the  distance, 
eastward,  a  mountain  summit,  marked  "  K1  takanatschan,  the 
'Big  Mountain'"  (Morav.  Memorials  in  N.  Y.  and  Conn.,  p. 
62) ;  a  name  which  resolves  itself  into  ket-takone-wadchu 
'great  m>0^-mountain,'  i.  e.  great  Taconic  mountain. 

T(«jH'onk':  a  ridge  of  arable  land  in  the  n.  part  of 
Stonington,  extending  to,  and  beyond  the  North  Stonington 
line  :  Tagwouncke,  T.  Minor,  1662  ;  Tagnncke,  Ston.  T.  Rec.  ; 
Tatigwonk,  on  mod.  maps.  In  sound  this  name  is  identical 
with  Mass,  togwonk  and  togguhwonk  (Narr.  tackunk],  a  stone 
mortar  for  pounding  Indian  corn.  One  of  these  mortars, 
large  enough  to  hold  a  bushel  of  corn,  is  still  to  be  seen  on 
the  summit  of  a  high  ridge  in  Fairfield,  excavated  in  a  granite 
rock.  Such  a  mortar  probably  gave  a  name  to  the  Tagwonk 
ridge  ;  though  I  cannot  learn  that  any  has  been  known  there, 
within  the  memory  of  those  now  living. 

Tamesuck.     See  Sepos-tathesuck. 

Tamonquas  brook,  or  river :  in  Pomfret,  now  called 
Mashamoquet.  The  name  seems  to  have  been  given  only  to 
the  lower  part  of  the  brook,  between  its  junction  with 
Wappoquians  brook,  and  the  Quinebaug.  "  Tamonquas,  alias 
Mashamoquet  river,"  1686.  C.  R.  Lands,  ii.  203.  From 
Moh.  tommunque  (Mass,  tomunk,  Cotton)  'beaver.'  The 
name  perhaps  belonged  to  an  Indian,  'The  Beaver,'  who 
lived  on  or  near  this  stream,  —  and  if  so,  the  final  s  is  the 
mark  of  the  English  possessive,  'Tamonqua's.' 

Tamtashua.     See  Tashua. 

Tankerooscu.     See  Tunkahoosen. 

Tapamshashack,  Tappanshasick :  river,  betw.  East 


Haven  and  Branford,  below  the  outlet  of  the  Great  Pond 
(Saltonstall  Lake).  Col.  Rec.,  ii.  234. 

Tashna:  a  high,  smoothly-rounded  hill,  in  the  w.  part  of 
Trumbull,  near  the  line  of  Easton  :  it  gives  a  name  to  a 
parish,  and  a  school-district  (the  n.  w.)  in  Trumbull.  Mod. 
map.  "Tamtashua  hill,"  Barber's  Hist.  Coll.  of  Conn. 

Tdttnnacutitawat/  (Moh.):  a  river  so-called  was  the  w. 
bound  of  Jeremy  Adams's  farm  granted  by  Uncas  in  1662. 
C.  R.  Lands,  iii.  85.  Tantuinacnntaway,  Moh.  Case,  176. 
In  Colchester  :  Salmon  river  ? 

?Tattauqiutnnock^pattcook  (Moh.):  in  Salisbury,  at 
or  near  a  pond  lying  south  of  west  from  the  Great  Falls  of  the 
Housatonic.  C.  R.  Lands,  iv.  440,441.  Long  pond,  in  thes. 
w.  part  of  Salisbury,  which,  on  modern  maps,  is  denominated 
"  Wannonkpakok"  The  name  originally  belonged  to  some 
locality  near  the  pond,  and  describes  '  land  at  boggy-meadow 
pond,'  tattdganok-pang-anke.  Tatdggan  (Chip,  totbgaii)  means, 
literally,  a  place  which  'shakes,'  or  'trembles'  (quaking-bog, 
or  meadow). 

fTatetUCk:  a  small  brook  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  Easton, 
running  into  Mill  river,  is  so  named  on  a  recent  map. 

Tatontoh'  brook:  runs  to  the  Sound  between  Greenwich 
and  Stamford.  Col.  Records,  ii.  202.  (Pattomogg,  Mead's 
wich.)  See  Tomnck. 

TdtH'ick  hill :  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  Brooklyn:  west  and 
south  of  it,  Tatnick  brook  runs  s.  e.  to  Blackwell's  brook,  in 
n.  e.  corner  of  Canterbury.  Lester's  Map,  1833.  Probably, 
for  kt-adene-k  '  at  the  great  hill '  (the  equivalent  of  Katahdin, 
with  locative  affix)  :  or  perhaps,  wnt-aden-ek  'at  the  hill.' 

[2.  Hill  and  brook  in  Worcester,  Mass.  The  name  has 
perhaps  been  transferred  from  the  brook  to  the  hill  now  called 
Tatnick,  and  may  have  originally  belonged  to  Asnybumskit 
hill,  in  Paxton  and  Holden,  near  the  source  of  the  brook.] 

Tatuppequauog  (Narr.):  a  Pequot  town,  3  or  4  m. 
below  Uncas's  town  at  Mohegan,  in  1637.  R.  Williams,  in 
4  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  vi.  251.  In  the  no.  part  of  Waterford  ? 
The  name  denotes  a  '  plain '  or  '  place  where  the  ground  is 
level.' 


72 

tii :  meadow  in  Windsor,  on  Farmington  river, 
north  of  Mill  brook,  1665.     Stiles's  Windsor,  106. 

'/'(ur<nr<(t/,  -trot/  (Peq.):  a  name  which  occasionally 
occurs,  as  an  alias  of  Nameang,  in  deeds  given  in  1653  and 
1654,  on  the  town  records  of  New  London:  "  Pequott, 
otherwise  called  Nameeg  or  Tawaw-wag" ;  "Pequot,  alias 
Nameeag  and  Tawaiv-og"  Hist,  of  N.  London,  118.  The 
Nameaug  Indians,  who  had  occupied  a  part  of  the  town-plot, 
were  removed,  about  1649,  to  new  planting-grouuds,  east  of 
the  Thames,  at  Naiwayonk  (Noank)  and  elsewhere.  After 
this  removal,  "  the  old  men  who  were  at  Nameoke  before  Mr. 
Winthrop's  coming"  (Rec.  Comm'rs  U.  Cols.)  would  speak 
of  the  place  they  had  given  up  to  the  English,  as  '  the  old 
land'  or  'abandoned  land,'  (Narr.)  eataw-auke,  (Mass.)  toueu- 
auke,  or  towewattke. 

Teap'anocke  (Moh.):  the  Pequot  name  for  the  pond  in 
Westerly,  R.  I ,  otherwise  called  Muxquata,  and.  by  the 
Narragansets,  Minnebaug.  Ind.  Test.,  in  Mass.  Arch.,  xxx. 
113  ;  Potter's  Narrag.,  267.  Probably,  Babcock's  pond. 

Tippecanset,  and  Tippecan  pond:  near  the  s.  w. 
corner  of  West  Greenwich,  R.  I.,  and  the  e.  line  of  Voluntown. 
Parson's  Ind.  Names,  29  ;  Miss  F.  M.  Caulkins,  MS. 

Tishcatuck,  Tislicottic  (Narr.)  :  a  small  round  swamp 
near  the  centre  of  the  town  of  Westerly,  R.  I.  Its  w. 
end  was  one  of  the  west  boundaries  of  Hermon  Garrett's 
(Catapazet's)  land.  A  farm  in  Westerly  still  retains  the 
name.  Potter's  Narrag.,  65,  306.  From  toyuskat  'at  the 
ford,  or  wading-place'  ("bridge,"  R.  Williams,)  and  ankc 
'land'?  (Comp.  "  toceket'uck,  let  us  wade,"  R.  W.,  Key,  73.) 

Tisnuitnck.     See  Weqnapaug. 

Titicus  brook  :  in  Ridgefield,  runs  n.  and  w.  across  the 
State  line  to  Croton  river  ;  giving  name  to  a  village  (and 
post-office)  in  Ridgefield:  "otherwise  called,  Mutighticoss" 
(French's  N.  Y.  Gazetteer,  703). 

ToiiHtick,  ToirfiHttii'k,  pond  :  near  the  s.  w.  corner  of 
the  old  Waterbury  bounds  ;  now  Long  Meadow  pond,  in 
Middlebury,  near  the  Oxford  line. 

(Moh.) :  the  so.  bound  of  Sequasson's 


73 

territory  on  the  w.  side  of  Connecticut  river.  Col.  Rec.,  i. 
434.  Higganompos,  C.  R.  Lands,  i.  83.  Now  contracted  to 
Higgamim,  as  the  name  of  a  brook,  village  (and  post-office), 
in  the  no.  part  of  Haddam.  The  original  name,  tomhegn- 
ompsk-ut  means  '  at  the  axe  (or  "  tomahawk ")  rock '  ;  and 
Higganompos  (for  tomheg  n-ompsK)  designates  the  rock  itself ; 
one  from  which  the  River  Indians  obtained  stones  suitable 
for  making  axes :  perhaps,  the  isolated  rock  that  marks  an 
interruption  of  the  trap  dike  in  the  valley  of  the  east  branch 
of  Higganum  brook,  or  some  rock  of  the  same  formation 
on  the  e.  side  of  the  brook,  on  or  near  Cedar  Hill.  A 
peculiarity  in  the  trap  of  this  dike,  at  several  localities,  is 
"  its  division  into  thin  plates,  by  longitudinal  lines  of  cleavage, 
giving  to  the  rock  an  appearance  of  stratification  "  (Percival's 
Geol.  Report,  419,  420)  ;  so  that  pieces  of  suitable  size  and 
shape  for  making  axes,  adzes,  etc.,  could  be  obtained  here 
with  less  difficulty  than  elsewhere. 

VTomuck:  now  Richmond  hills,  Stamford.  Hunting- 
ton's  Stamford,  p.  24.  Comp.  Tatomok. 

Toquamske,  Toquams:  in,  and  giving  a  name  to, 
the  first  Stamford  purchase :  sold  by  "  Ponus,  sagamore  of 
Toquams,"  to  Capt.  Turner,  in  1640.  N.  H.  Rec.,  i.  45  ; 
Huntington's  Stamford,  97,  102,  103.  An  initial  consonant  is 
certainly  lost,  and  its  restoration  must  be  left  to  conjecture  : 
perhaps  we  should  read,  p1  ttikqu-ompsk  '  the  round  rock.'  Is 
any  '  round  rock'  — remarkable  enough  to  serve  as  a  land-mark 
—  now  to  be  found  in  the  north  part  of  Stamford  or  New 
Canaan?  There  was  one  in  South  Kingstown,  R.  I.,  that 
gave  the  name  of  P ettiquamscut  {petukqii  ompsk-ut)  to  the 
tract  on  which  that  town  was  settled. 

Totoket,  Totocott:  Branford  (1640).  N.  H.  Col.,  i.  40, 42. 
Totoket  (vulg.  "Toket")  mountain,  in  North  Branford  and 
North  Guilford.  The  name  probably  belonged  to  the  meadows 
near  the  harbor,  when  the  first  settlement  was  made ;  and  may 
stand  for  kt2-tuk-et  '  on  the  great  (i.  e.  the  principal)  tidal 
river,'  or  its  estuary,  at  and  west  of  Indian  neck. 

Towantuck.     See  Toantick. 

Towequensuck  (Moh.) :   in  the  Mohegan  reservation  ; 

IO 


74 

north  of  Trading-cove  brook,  and  not  far  w.  of  the  head  of 
the  cove.  C.  A.  Indians,  i.  67.  Kinney's  brook,  in  Bozrah  ? 

Tnch'(ich<i tffiH  :  in  the  e.  part  of  Windham  (now  Scot- 
land); one  of  the  bounds  of  a  tract  of  land,  "from  where 
Merrick's  brook  runs  into  the  Shetucket  river."  Wm.  L. 
Weaver,  from  Windham  Records. 

:*  Tn  iiktf/t  oosen,  Tankeroosen  :  a  brook,  which  crosses 
Vernon  so.  westerly,  to  Hockanum  river.  If  a  name  of  Indian 
origin,  it  is  effectually  disguised. 

Tnnxis,  Tancksis :  land  on  and  near  Farmington  river, 
at  its  southern  bend,  in  Farmington.  The  river  was  called 
Tunxis-sepos,  i.e.  'little  river  of  Tunxis':  (Unxus  sepus"  in 
Col.  Rec.,  i.  42.)  The  locality  to  which  the  name  originally 
belonged,  was  the  'bow'  or  'turning'  of  the  river,  where  'it 
bends'  (wut-tunkshau)  from  a  southeasterly  to  a  northerly 
course. 

Tuskhef/anuck  (Moh.) :  near  Palmer's  cove  and  brook, 
in  Groton,  west  of  Noank.  Jno.  Stanton's  Deposition.  At  the 
head  of  the  cove,  where  the  old  road  crosses,  t&skeonganit 
'at  the  ford'  or  'wading  place.'  Comp.  Narr.  toytisk  "a 
bridge"  (R.  W.). 

Tuscisshoag  (Moh.):  "a  pond  contiguous  to  East  Guilford 
[now,  Madison]  meeting-house."  Rev.  T.  Ruggles,  in  i  Mass. 
Hist.  Coll.,  iv.  Tuxishog,  Deed  of  1639  ;  "  the  river,  brook, 
or  creek,  called  Tuchshishoag"  Uncas's  deed  to  Guilford,  1641 ; 
«'  Tuckshishoag  or  Tuxis  pond,"  1641,  Smith's  Guilford,  10. 
The  name  belonged  to  lands  on  and  near  the  "  river,  brook, 
or  creek"  (now,  Neck  river)  and  was  transferred  to  its  source; 
probably,  tucksis-auk,  '  little-river  land.' 

Uhquanchaug  (Quineb.):  in  the  w.  line  of  the  territory 
claimed  by  the  Quinebaugs,  n.  w'ly  from  the  great  falls  at 
Danielsonville  ;  fixed  upon  by  the  committees  of  1701,  as  the 
n.  w.  boundary  of  the  tract  sold  to  Gov.  Winthrop  by  Hyems. 
C.  R.  Lands,  ii.  305  ;  C.  A.,  Towns  and  Lands,  ii.  188.  The 
same  as,  or  very  near,  Weyoughchaug  (q.  v.) ;  not  far  from 
Paine  hill,  in  the  s.  w.  corner  of  Pomfret.  The  name  denotes 
either  '  the  end  of  a  hill '  uhqtie-adchu-uk,  or  a  '  hook-shaped 
hill '  uhquan-adchau-uk. 


75 

TTJiuhiohf  TJhuhiock  (Moh.) :  on  Jordan  Brook,  in 
Waterford :  al.  Uhuoigh,  Whoohyeli ;  "  applied  to  the  brook 
where  it  falls  into  the  cove,  and  to  the  swampy  thickets  on  its 
borders"  (Hist,  of  N.  London,  124).  It  originally  belonged 
to  the  place  where  the  brook  'winds  about,'  wohwayeau, 
wokwayeu,  turning  first  to  the  w.,  and  then  southerly  again,  to 
the  cove.  Now  called,  Pohio  (for  Poquiogh  ?  see  Paquiaug,  3.) 

Umpacliene  river :  in  New  Marlborough,  Mass. ;  a  small 
stream  running  s.  w.  into  Konkapot  river,  is  named  from  an 
Indian  who  lived  near  it.  Hist,  of  Berkshire  County,  290. 

Uifipewaug  pond :  in  the  n.  w.  part  of  Reading,  near  the 
projecting  angle  of  Ridgefield  e.  line:  Umpawag,  1687,  Col. 
Rec.,  iii.  231.  Umpawaug  hill,  near  the  pond,  in  Reading. 
C.  R.  Lands,  iv.  n.  "Umpog  creek,"  betw.  Danbury  and 
Bethel,  runs  to  Still  river  in  Danbury  (on  a  recent  map). 
"A  place  commonly  called  Umpewage  .  .  bounded  s.  w.  by  a 
brook  coming  out  of  a  pond  called  Umpemawg."  C.  Rec. 
Lands,  ii.  182.  The  last-noted  form  perhaps  best  represents 
the  original ;  for  an  Indian  whose  name  is  written  Umpamock 
joined  with  "  Shawron  of  Paquanoke,"  "Cashashamock,  sachem 
of  Potatuck,"  and  others,  in  the  sale  of  land  north  of  Stratford 
bounds,  in  1673  (C.  R.  Lands,  i.  420). 

Uncowa,  Uncoa:  Fairfield:  al.  Uncawa,  Roger  Ludlow? 
1640  ;  Uncowah,  Wm.  Frost's  will,  1644.  So  called,  because 
the  place  was  ongkoue  '  beyond'  Pequonnuc  river.  See  "  the 
beginnings  of  a  plantation  beyond"  etc.,  in  Col.  Rec.,  i.  35. 

t'ncushnetf  Unquoshnet  (Moh.):  river  in  Hebron. 
See  Joshua's  will,  in  C.  Arch.,  Indians,  i.  30.  Ungoshet, 
C.  R.  Lands,  ii.  130.  Blackledge's  brook?  See  the  next 
name. 

Vnggwonshachcoohf  -shacook,  -suckcook  (Moh.): 
a  place  "  at  the  crotch  of  a  river  called  by  the  English  Fawn 
River,  where  the  road  crosses  the  same  from  Colchester  to 
Hartford."  Chandler's  Survey,  1705.  The  crotch  of  Fawn 
river  and  Blackledge's  river  is  in  the  s.  e.  part  of  Marlborough, 
a  little  w.  of  Hebron  line.  Wonggunnshoake,  1666,  Col.  Rec., 
ii.  42  ;  Wongushock,  id.  iii.  69.  The  name  denotes  '  land  at 
the  bend,  or  crotch,  of  the  brook,'  where  Blackledge's  river 
bends  eastward  to  its  union  with  Fawn  river. 


76 

'n  kdjHi  n  kook.     See  Wonnnkapaugcook. 

woods:  in  East  Hartford.    See  Abaquage,  2. 


t,  Wabaquasfsuek  i  names  indiscrimin- 
ately applied  to  "  a  tract  west  of  the  Quinebaug  river,  no.  of 
a  line  running  no.  w'ly  from  the  junction  of  the  Quinebaug 
and  Assawog  rivers."  Miss  Larned's  Hist,  of  Windham  Co., 
i.  i.  Wabquisset,  a  village  of  praying  Indians  "six  miles  w.  of 
Mohegan  [Quinebaug]  river."  Gookin.  Wapaquasset  hill,  on 
the  (present)  so.  line  of  Woodstock.  "  The  bounds  of  the 
Wabaquassutt  and  Nipmuck  country,"  as  fixed  by  Oweneco's 
deed  of  1684,  are  recorded  in  C.  R.  Lands,  ii.  118,  119,  and 
Col.  Rec.,  iii.  1  50.  The  s.  w.  corner  was  at  Moshenupsuck  (the 
outlet  of  Snipsic  pond,  near  the  n.  e.  corner  of  Vernon)  ;  the 
n.  w.  at  "  Natick  hill"  (in  Worcester  county,  or  Hampden 
county,  Mass.  ?)  ;  the  n.  e.  at  Pemenoss,  and  the  s.  e.  at  Quine- 
baug Falls.  After  the  Pequot  war  of  1637,  the  Wabaquasset 
Indians  w.  of  Quinebaug  river  became  subject  to  Uncas. 
John  Pynchon,  1675,  wrote  the  name  of  their  country, 
Wabaquassick,  which  might  be  interpreted  'white  stone'; 
but  Eliot  (in  Mass.  Arch.,  Indians,  i.  146)  has  WabuhquosliisJi, 
which  is  certainly  the  equivalent  of  Narr.  abockquos  inash, 
"the  mats  for  covering  the  house"  (R.  Williams),  literally 
'coverings'  :  and  related  to  abohquos  'covert/  '  tent,'  etc.,  and 
abuhquos'ik  'a  covering.'  The  name  originally  belonged  to 
some  particular  locality  where  the  Indians  obtained  flags  used 
for  making  mats.  See  Abaquage. 

Wachaqneage  :  one  of  the  bounds  of  a  tract,  eight 
miles  square,  near  the  e.  side  of  Conn,  river,  "about  12  or  13 
miles  up,"  granted  by  Sanhop,  a  Niantic  Indian,  to  Major 
John  Talcott  and  others,  in  1674.  C.  R.  Lands,  ii.  17,  18; 
T.  &  L.,  i.  223.  The  tract  extended  "from  or  between 
Wechaqueage  to  Weegasoeguck"  which  is  near  Mount  Archer 
in  North  Lyme.  Comp.  Wottochoquisk,  Wochokieskquas. 

Wachocustinook  brook  :  in  Salisbury  ;  running  so. 
westerly  from  Mountain  pond,  on  Mount  Riga,  through  th'e 
central  village,  and  Lime  Rock,  and  emptying,  as  Salmon  river, 
into  the  Housatonic,  near  the  s.  e.  corner  of  the  township. 
Comp.  Wottochoquisk,  Wochokiesquas. 


77 

Wachn  :  named  as  one  of  several  parcels  of  land  on  the 
e.  side  of  Naugatuck  river,  in  Indian  deed  of  1685.  Orcutt's 
Derby,  xcv.  Probably  for  Wadchu  '  a  hill.' 

Wadatatuk  (Moh.):  a  "branch  of  Homonasak  [Ham- 
monasset]  river,  which  is  supposed  to  be  12  m.  from  the 
mouth,"  named  as  the  n.  w.  bound  of  lands  sold  by  Uncas  to 
Saybrook,  in  1666.  In  the  n.  w.  part  of  Killingworth. 

Waffawan'nuc,  Wadawan'ak :  the  point  of  land 
now  comprised  in  the  borough  of  Stonington  :  "  a  neck  of 
land  called  Wattawanett"  (1693),  C.  Arch.,  Priv.  Controv., 
iv.  Woddowonnuc,  Wauddowonnuc,  Pres.  Stiles,  1762  ;  he 
was  informed,  at  Stonington,  that  "  woddo  signifies  a  loon" 
but  does  not  appear  to  have  learned  what  connection,  if  any, 
there  was  between  woddo  and  Woddowonnuc;  and  on  a  rough 
map  drawn  in  his  Itinerary,  he  puts  down  "  Woddowonnuc 
Island"  as  of  "40  acres,  being  the  so.  end  of  Waumphassuc" 
The  true  meaning  of  the  name  is  not  yet  ascertained. 

Waktiompsk.     See  Watiomsquit. 

Walopeconek.     See  Pancamack. 

Wallums  pond.     See  Allum. 

Wam,plias's\ic,  Wamphas'set:  a  neck  on  the  w.  side 
of  Stonington  harbor;  Wampkassock,  Wompashuck,  N.  London 
Recs. ;  Waumphassuc,  Pres.  Stiles,  1762.  The  name  has 
been  transferred  to  the  point  from  the  '  marshes '  or  '  wet 
meadows,'  no.  and  w.  of  it.  (Mass,  wompasq,  wompaskit ; 
Chip,  wdbashkiki  "  swamp,  marsh,  bog.") 

WanashacU  brook.     See  Wemesuck. 

Wanyomboy.     See  Wongumbaug. 

Wanonpaltook.     See  Wonunkapaugook. 

Wannwpe  island :  in  the  Housatonic  river,  at  New 
Milford  :  "from  the  rising  of  the  hill  against  \Vannupe  Island, 
to  the  end  of  the  Long  Meadow,"  etc.  N.  Milford  Rec.  (1728), 
i.  398.  For  anupa-un  'overflowed'  or  'subject  to  overflow'  ? 

Wammf/fituck  (Moh.  or  Quineb.) :  al.  "  We-nun-gne-tuck, 
or  a  brook  and  a  hill  on  the  west  side  of  Quinebaug  river  " 
(Ind.  Testim.  in  C.  R.  Lands,  iii.  308 ;  C.  A.,  T.  &  Lands,  ii. 
188);  al.  Waunungtatuck,  Wongattuck.  In  the  n.  e.  part  of 
Canterbury,  'at  the  bend,  or  winding,  of  the  river,'  as  the 
name  denotes.  The  hill  is  now  called  Nunkertunk. 


78 

'#  brook:  in  Pomfret;  "  runs  by  the  burying- 
ground  in  the  First  Parish,  and  empties  into  Mashamoquet 
brook."  Hunt's  Hist.  Discourse.  Webaquian,  a  Wabequasset 
or  Nipmuck  Indian,  was  a  subject  of  Uncas  after  Philip's 
war,  and  witnessed  Oweneco's  deed  to  Major  J.  Fitch,  in  1684. 

\\'<U'rotioco.     See  Woronock. 

'.*  ll'fisJiiiiittf/  and  Washinee:  names  given  on  modern 
maps  to  the  "  Twin  Lakes,"  in  Salisbury,  Washining  having 
been  assigned  to  the  larger  (formerly  called  North-east  Pond). 
Neither  is  an  aboriginal  name  ;  and  one  has,  apparently,  been 
made  out  of  the  other.  The  Indian  names  for  these  ponds 
seem  to  have  been  Panaheconnok  and  Hokonkamok  (or 
Hokonhamok},  which  see. 

Wash  ivantohtninunk :  a  hill  in  Woodstock,  w.  of 
Muddy  brook;  al.  Washwantownowmow.  Town  Recs.,  1686, 
1695;  Miss  Larned's  Hist,  of  Windh.  Co,  i.  37. 

Wasquonasak  (Moh.) :  a  place  named  in  Uncas's  deed 
to  Saybrook,  1666,  betw.  Webomskat  (now  Obscob)  in  Old 
Saybrook,  and  Pachaug  river,  in  Westbrook :  not  far  from  the 
present  line  betw.  the  two  towns,  at  the  Sound. 

Wassiog  (Moh.) :  al.  WasJiiack,  Col.  Rec.,  ii.  42  ;  aw. 
bound  of  the  Mohegan  country,  claimed  by  Uncas;  "the 
so.  end  of  a  very  high  hill,"  ab.  io£  miles,  s.  10°  w.  from 
Moshenupsuck  (Chandler's  Survey,  1705);  very  near  the 
line  betw.  Glastonbury  and  Hebron,  a  little  no.  of  the  point 
at  which  Blackledge's  river  crosses  that  line.  The  name  may 
stand  for  wadchu-auke  'the  hill  place'  (wadchue  okke,  Eliot, 
as  in  Luke  i.  39),  or  from  awwasse-auke  (Chip,  awdssdkt] 
'the  place  beyond'  or  'on  the  further  side,'  i.  e.  on  the  border 
of  both  Arramamet's  and  Uncas's  sachemdoms. 

Was' sue.     See  Assawassuc. 

Watchooy  brook :  runs  southerly  from  Longmeadow, 
Mass.,  into  Scantic  river,  in  Somers.  Wadchu-auke  '  hill 
country'? 

Watchof/ash  (Moh.) :  near  the  s.  w.  corner  of  (old) 
Coventry  :  now  in  Andover  ?  See  Wottochoquisk. 

Wattiompsk  (Moh.) :  "  Wat-ti-ompsk,  being  a  great  rock 
in  Connecticut  river,  called  by  the  English,  Stone's  Rocks;" 


79 

the  s.  w.  bound  of  the  Mohegan  territory ;  according  to 
Chandler's  survey,  1705  (Moh.  Case,  50),  "Eight-mile  island 
[not  Nott's  island,  but  Brockway's  island,  opposite  the  mouth 
of  Eight-mile  river,]  bears  from  hence  s.  28°  e.,  distant  about 
a  mile":  al.  Watiompsque,  Wattaompsq,  C.  A.,  T.  &  L.,  ii. 
249  :  and  with  the  locative  affix,  Wattiomsquit,  "  a  great  rock 
by  the  Great  River,"  in  Oweneco's  deed  to  Haddam,  Moh. 
Case,  171  ;  also  called,  Pohtaiyomsek  (q.  v.)  From  adt-ompsk 
'  at  the  rock '  ? 

Waiibeyausue:  the  n.  e.  side  of  Winthrop's  neck,  New 
London.  Pres.  Stiles,  1761,  MS.  The  name  must  have 
originally  belonged  to  the  head  of  the  cove,  or  to  the  brook 
betw.  it  and  Lewis's  pond  :  for  it  is  the  diminutive  of  a  word 
denoting  '  a  passage '  or  '  strait,'  weepwoiyeu  (Eliot)  :  wepwoi- 
yeuese  is  the  'little  passage'  or  'crossing  place.'  Comp. 
Wepowage,  Wepatuck,  Weybosset  (formerly,  Wapwayset)  at 
Providence,  R.  I.,  Wepoiset  in  Bristol,  R.  I.,  etc. 

\Waiireyan:  a  factory-village  and  post-office,  on  the 
e.  side  of  the  Quinebaug,  in  the  n.  w.  part  of  Plainfield. 
The  name,  adopted  by  a  manufacturing  company,  means, 
simply,  'a  good  thing,'  or  'a  pleasant  thing.'  It  was  doubtless 
suggested  by  a  line  in  Dr.  Elisha  Tracy's  epitaph  on  Sam 
Uncas,  in  the  Mohegan  burying-ground  in  Norwich : — 

"  For  Courage  Bold,  For  things  ivauregan 
He  was  the  Glory  of  Moheagon." 

Waweehus  (for  Wawequa's),  mod.  WewaditH  hill,  in 
Norwich  :  (i)  a  range  on  the  w.  border  of  the  town,  partly  in 
Bozrah  ;  (2)  a  hill  now  in  the  city  of  Norwich.  Hist.  Norwich, 
50.  Named  Wawequa  or  Waweequaiv,  from  the  brother  of 
Uncas.  "The  hill  called  Wawequos"  Norw.  Rec.  1677. 

Waivecoes  brook  :  "  in  Shepaug  neck,"  New  Milford, 
1723.  N.  Milf.  Rec ,  i.  76;  Wawecoos,  id.  331;  "Wawwecous 
brook  .  .  on  the  e.  side  of  the  Great  river,"  id.  iv.  509. 

Waworannawak,  Wauwaraneanauk,  Warronwarack 
(Moh.) :  a  place  "  five  or  six  miles  up  Mystic  river,  near  the 
path  to  Moheage,"  proposed  as  a  reservation  for  Robin 
Cassasinamon's  band  of  Pequots.  MSS.  Rec.  of  U.  Cols., 
in  Hazard,  ii.  387,  435,  448. 


8o 

(Narr.):  then.w.  corner  of  Catapazet's 
(Hermon  Garret's)  reserved  land.  Potter's  Narrag.,  65.  On 
Ashawag  river,  betw.  North  Stonington  and  Hopkinton  (R.  I.). 

Wean'ttnocfc:  the  so.  part  of  New  Milford,  on  both 
sides  of  Housatonic  river.  C.  R.  Lands,  ii.  297  :  al.  Wianti- 
noque,  N.  Milf.  Rec.  ;  Wiantenuck,  Col.  Rec.  iii.  20 ;  Wyan- 
tenug,  id.  47  ;  Oantenocke  river  (1671),  C.  Rec.,  Lands,  i.  421  ; 
Ouwantonnoc,  Pres.  Stiles,  1761.  The  name  seems  to  have 
belonged  to  the  basin  at  the  foot  of  the  Great  Falls  :  the 
equivalent  of  Chip,  waianatanang,  '  where  the  water  whirls ' 
(Baraja).  It  may,  however,  designate  the  place  where  the 
river  '  winds  about  the  hill,'  wacn-adn-atike ;  or,  'land  about 
the  hill'  (Abn.  coimadenek}. 

Weaquassick  (Quineb.)  :  called  the  n.  w.  boundary  of 
Quinebaug  lands.  C.  Rec.  Lands,  iii.  308.  See  Weyough- 
chauge  and  Weaxcashuck. 

Weasaubaux  (Moh.)  ;  "a  little  brook  that  runs  into  the 
e.  side  of  Quinebaug  river : "  according  to  Pequot  testimony, 
the  so.  bound  of  Hyems'  sachemdom.  C.  R.  Lands,  iii.  308. 
The  name  must  have  been  transferred  to  the  brook  from  a 
pond :  ivesaue-paug-es  '  little  yellow  pond '  or  '  little  bitter 
pond '  (for  the  prefix,  tvesau,  admits  of  either  interpretation). 
Cutler's  brook,  in  the  n.  w.  corner  of  Griswold  ? 

Weatauf/f  mod.  Weatof/ue :  meadows,  on  Farmington 
river,  in  Simsbury,  so.  of  the  mouth  of  Hop  brook :  a  village, 
post-office,  and  school  district  retain  the  name. 

2.  Meadows  near  the  Housatonic  river,  in  Salisbury,  above 
Falls  Village  :  Weatauk,  C.  R.  Lands,  iii.  301,  303 ;  "a  high 
mountain  called  Weatauke"  ibid.  ;  Wetawog,  id.  72 ;  al. 
Wehtak,  Wiatiack  (Morav  Missionaries).  A  deed  from 
Mataukson  (Metoxen)  and  other  "Indians  of  Weetauke"  1719, 
bound  this  tract  on  the  w.  by  Weeatauwachon  ( Wetauwauchu) 
hill,  and  by  a  straight  line  from  the  northern  end  of  the  hill 
to  Hokonkamok  (now  called  "  Washinee ")  pond.  C.  R. 
Lands,  iv.  442.  The  name  seems  to  denote  a  place  where 
the  Indians  lived  (weetauog)  or  had  their  wigwams  (wetu-auke, 
'wigwam-place'),  and  I  can  find  no  other  probable  interpreta- 
tion of  it ;  yet  I  am  not  sure  that  this  is  the  true  one. 


8i 

Weaxcashuc-k  (Moh.) :  the  great  swamp  in  Ellington  ; 
al.  Wexcashuck  (1686),  Weexhashuck  (C.  R.  Lands,  iv.  310, 
332)  :  "  a  place  called  by  the  English  '  the  Great  Marsh '  and 
by  the  Indians  Weaxcashuck"  1730:  but  the  name  properly 
belongs  to  '  the  end  of  the  swamp,'  or  marsh,  or  to  the  place 
'  to  which  the  swamp  extends.'  The  prefix  is  the  same  as  in 
Weexcodazva  (see  Wequapaug),  the  Mohegan  equivalent  of 
Mass,  and  Narrag.  wekshe  '  reaching  as  far  as,'  '  extending 
to.'  Comp.  Wegoschook,  Weaquassick,  Weckquaesgeek,  etc. 

Webomakat  (Moh.) :  a  place  named  in  Uncas's  deed  to 
Saybrook,  1666,  west  of  Pataquasak  (Lynde's  point)  :  now 
Obscob,  near  the  mouth  of  Oyster  river.  Either,  'at  the 
white  rock,'  ivdb-ompsk-iit,  or  '  at  the  narrow  passage  of  the 
rocks,'  wepe-ompsk-ut  (as  in  Narr.  Wyapumscut}. 

Wvbotnck.     See  Weepatuck. 

Wecaptmtj.     See  Wequapaug. 

Wecope'suck,  Wic'ape'set:  a  very  small  rocky  island, 
at  the  e.  end  of  Fisher's  island,  so.  of  Stonington  :  al.  Weeka. 
peesuck,  Wicopesset,  etc.  For  wehque-peasik  '  little  thing  at 
the  end '  of  the  great  island. 

Weckquaestiiik,  Wiequaeskeek :  Greenburg,  West- 
chester  co.,  N.  Y.,  "  betw.  Sint-sinck  and  Armonck  rivulets." 
O'Callaghan's  N.  Netherland,  i.  241,  from  N.  Y.  (Holl.  Doc., 
v.  134).  Otherwise  written,  Wickquasgeck  (De  Vries,  1638), 
]\'iqitaeskec,  Wecliquaesqueck,  Wiequashook,  etc.  It  is  the 
equivalent  of  Moh.  Weegoschook,  Weegasoeguck  (and  of 
Chip,  watikwa-ashkiki)  'the  end  of  the  marsh,  swamp,  or 
wet-meadow.' 

Wecuppdmee :  a  small  river  in  Bethlem  and  Woodbury, 
having  its  source  in  Long-Meadow  pond  ;  one  of  three  which 
unite  to  form  Pomperaug  river.  "Tradition  says  that  Wicka- 
pcina  is  the  name  of  an  Indian  chief  who  lived  on  the  place" 
(Rev.  Azel  Backus's  MS.  Acco't  of  Bethlem).  Wecuppemee's 
name  appears  as  a  witness  to  an  Indian  deed,  to  Woodbury, 
in  1673  :  see  Cothren's  Woodbury,  i.  24,  and,  as  Weekpeines, 
to  a  deed  in  1761,  recorded  in  C.  R.  Lands,  1.421.  His  name 
means  '  Bass-wood'  or  'the  Linden'  (Tilia  americana ;  Chip. 
wigobimij,  -tvekopimish  ;  Abn.  zvigabimisi),  a  tree  highly  valued 
ii 


82 

by  the  Indians,  for  its  inner  bark  (ivikopi),  from  which  they 
made  ropes  and  mats.  [It  may  be  worth  noting,  that  this 
tree  owes  its  popular  name,  in  English  as  well  as  in  Algonkin, 
to  the  use  made  of  its  bark.  The  wikopi  of  the  Indians  was 
the  bast  of  the  Germans  and  English  (corrupted  to  bass),  the 
l>u'sf  of  the  Anglo-Saxons.]  Whether  "  Wecuppemee  "  called 
himself  "The  Linden,"  or  was  so  denominated  by  the  English, 
because  he  lived  at  a  place  where  lindens  grew,  I  cannot  say. 

2.  \Vecobeineas:  land  on  Beacon  Hill  brook,  —  in  Nauga- 
tuck  ?  Orcutt's  Derby,  xxxiv,  xcv. 

'.*  Ween  p»  :  a  place  within  the  boundaries  of  John  Pyn- 
chon's  deed  to  Suffield.     Sykes's  Hist.  Disc.,  32. 
*     See  Wachaqueage. 
(Peq.)  :   the   place   where    Sassacus,   the 
Pequot  sachem,  lived,  in   1636.     R.  Williams,  in  letter  to  J. 
Winthrop,  2  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  i.  161.    In  Groton?  or,  North 
Stonington  ?     Comp.  Winsachewet ;  Wintechog. 

Wemcsuek,  Winun  isittk,  brook :  near  the  n.  w.  corner 
of  New  Milford,  runs  n.  west'y  into  Housatonic  river  at  Gay- 
lord's  bridge,  betw.  New  Milford  and  Sherman;  al.  WJicuic- 
suck,  Wemesseage,  Wenashoge.  C.  A.,  Towns  &  Lands,  v. 
230;  viii.  70.  C.  R.  Lands,  ii.  299,  333  ;  iv.  231. 

Wenaniasoufi  (Moh.) :  one  of  the  bounds  of  the  Pigs- 
comsuck  (Canterbury)  purchase,  described  as  "  a  rocky  hill," 
of  which  the  so.  end  was  200  rods  w.  of  Pigscomsuck  (Ouine- 
baug  ?)  river,  at  a  point  opposite  the  mouth  of  Wesquacksaug 
river  or  brook,  and  about  632  rods  no.  of  the  mouth  of 
Momagegwetuck  (Rowland's)  brook.  C.  A.,  Priv.  Controv., 
ii.  298;  C.  R.  Lands,  iii.  166. 

Wenashoye*     See  Wemesnck. 

Wenurikeapaueook.    See  Womtnkapaugcook. 

Weputisock:  the  Round  Hill,  in  Farmington  meadows, 
about  half  a  mile  from  the  main  street ;  so  named  in  the 
agreement  with  the,  Farmington  Indians  in  1673.  Porter's 
Hist.  Address,  1840,  p.  31. 

Weepatnck  mountain  :  "  in  the  s.  w.  corner  of  Sharon." 
C.  R.  Lands,  iv.  610;  C.  A.,  T.  &  L.,  viii.  174.  "Webotuck, 
the  Indian  name  of  Ten-Mile  river."  Sedgwick's  Sharon, 


83 

31.  The  name  belongs  to  the  narrow  valley  west  of  the 
mountain,  or  to  the  'pass'  so.  of  it,  through  which  the  river 
makes  its  way  to  the  Housatonic :  Mass,  wecpwoint-ohke 
'  place  at  the  narrow  pass  '  or  '  strait.'  "  Wimpeting,  at  the 
w.  base  of  a  range  of  mountains,  about  seven  miles  s.  of 
Sharon  village"  (Sedgwick's  Sharon,  13),  in  the  n.  w.  of  Kent, 
is  another  form  of  the  same  name.  C.  A.,  T.  &  L.,  vii.  46. 
Comp.  Weepowaug. 

We-powdije,  Weepowany  :  a  place  north  of  Brewster's 
farm  at  Poquetannock,  in  Preston  ;  Wypeivoke,  in  Uncas's 
deed  to  Connecticut,  of  1640.  Moh.  Case,  152;  Col.  Rec., 
ii.  142;  Hist.  N.  London,  125. 

2.  Wepowage,  Wepoiuaug,  Wopowaug:  Milford,  and  the 
river  that  runs  through  Milford  to  the  Sound :  originally, 
that  part  of  the  river  near  which  the  first  planters  settled. 

The  name  designates  land  '  at  the  narrows '  of  a  river 
or  cove,  and  usually,  '  the  crossing  place,'  weepwoi-auk. 
[The  diminutive,  'at  the  little  crossing-place,'  is  found  in 
Wepoiset,  the  Narrows  of  Kekamuit  river,  in  Bristol,  R.  L, 
and  in  Weybosset  (formerly,  Wapwaysef),  Providence.]  Com- 
pare Auquebatuckj  Owibctuck. 

Weqwadn'ach,  Wachquatnaeh  (as  written  by  the 
Moravian  missionaries) :  the  site  of  an  Indian  village  near 
Indian  Pond,  in  the  n.  w.  corner  of  Sharon.  This  pond  is 
partly  in  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  and  lies  between  Indian 
(PoconnocK)  mountain  in  Sharon,  and  West  Mountain,  in 
Northeast,  N.  Y.  The  name  (=  wequae-adn-auke}  means 
'  place  at  the  end  of  (or,  extending  to)  the  mountain.'  The 
Indian  village  on  the  east  side  of  the  pond,  or  the  land  about 
it,  was  earlier  called  Pachqnadnach  (see  Morav.  Memorial  in 
N.  Y.  and  Conn.,  75),  signifying  '  bare-mountain  land.' 

W^quagnoch:  Indian  pond,  Sharon;  a  corruption  of 
Wequadnach,  above. 

Wi'ijHHfHuuji  WecfapOUff  (Narr.):  a  brook  running 
into  the  west  end  of  Paspataug  or  Nekequowese  (now  Quon- 
acontaug)  salt  pond,  near  the  e.  line  of  Westerly,  R.  I.  ;  the 
east  bound  of  the  territory  claimed  by  the  Pequots.  The 
Pequot-Mohegan  name  of  this  bound-mark  was  Weexcodoiva. 


84 
/ 

Ind.  Testim.,  in  Col.  Rec.,  iii.  275  ;  Ind.  Map,  in  Mass.  Arch., 
xxx.  113;  Potter's  Narrag.,  56,  248,  263-5.  Other  forms 
of  the  name  are,  U 'ffar/><w,  \\'cakapauge,  Wequapauock, 
\\'iccafr>£\  II 'ickaboag,  etc.  Wequa-pang  means  'at  the  end 
of  the  pond.'  The  prefix  (Mass,  ivehquae,  nhqnae,  as  in 
wehqu~ohke  'end  of  the  earth')  signifies,  primarily,  'as  far 
as,'  'to  the  extreme  point,  or  limit,  of:'  it  is  common  to  all 
Algonkin  dialects  ;  as  in  Chip.  Waiekwa-kctchigami,  the 
name  of  Fond  du  Lac  (Wise,  and  Minn),  '  at  the  end  of  the 
great-water'  (Lake  Superior).  A  form  of  the  same  prefix 
is  found  in  the  Mohegan  name,  Wcexcodawa,  'for  Mass. 
i^cJiqslii-,  weeksJiik,  'it  extends  to,'  'goes  as  far  as,'  'is  the  end.' 

[2.  Wickapogue,  Weekquapauk  :  a  place  betw.  two  ponds, 
near  the  south  shore,  in  Southampton,  L.  I.  South.  Recs. 

3.  Wickaboag  pond,  in  West  Brookfield,  Mass.  ;  near 
Chicopee  river,  to  which  it  had,  at  one  end,  an  outlet,  by  a 
stream  twenty  or  thirty  rods  long.  Whitney's  Wore.  Co.,  79.] 

Compare  Wequapaugset,  Wequatucket,  Wcquatnckset,  Weque- 
tagiiock,  Weqiiadnacli.  In  some  place-names,  wequac,  or  a 
derivative  (Mass.  wJiquac,  ukqua.6,  whque)  denotes  a  '  point ' 
or  '  ending,'  of  either  land  or  water  (in  a  cove,  harbor,  or 
inlet):  comp.  Chip,  wikweia  "it  forms  a  bay";  tvikwe-  (as 
prefix)  "in  a  corner  of"  (Baraga)  :  as,  probably,  in  Waquoit, 
at  the  head  of  the  bay  and  cove  in  Falmouth,  Mass.  ;  and 
Waqua  (now  Wasque)  point,  Edgartown,  Martha's  Vineyard. 

WequapauffSet :  a  small  pond  near  Tippican  Pond,  in 
the  s.  w.  corner  of  West  Greenwich,  R.  I.  ;  corrupted  to 
"Boxet";  Wickerboxet,  Parsons,  Ind.  Names  in  R.  I.,  31. 
A  diminutive  of  Wequapaug ;  '  at  the  end  of  the  little  pond,' 
or,  perhaps,  'little  pond  at  the  end.' 

WeqiifitHcket,  mod.  Wiq  uctaquock,  Wick' uttequock :  a 
cove  and  tidal  river  (properly,  the  head  of  the  cove,)  about 
half-way  from  Stonington  borough  to  Pawcatuck  river.  The 
name  describes  the  locality  as  at  the  '  head  of  a  tidal  river,' 
wgqua-tukq-ut,  with  the  addition  of  auke  (ocK)  'land'  ;  'land 
at  the  end  of  tide-water.'  Roger  Williams  wrote  it  without 
the  final  syllable,  Wequatuck1  qnt.  In  Ston.  Records,  Wequa- 
tucket,  1669;  Ecotowtuck  river,  1667;  Wequetowock,  1703. 


85 

[2.  Wickataquay  pond,  on  Martha's  Vineyard,  communi- 
cates by  a  narrow  opening  with  the  harbor  of  Holmes's  Hole 
(hodie  "  Vineyard  Haven  ").  The  name  belonged  to  the  so. 
end  of  the  pond.] 

Weq  until  wet,  -fuckset  brook  (Narr.)  :  in  Charlestown, 
R.  I.,  "a  little  eastward  of  Ninigret's  old  stone  fort";  the  e. 
bound  of  Niantic  land  claimed  by  Hermon  Garrett  in  1676, 
Col.  Rec.,  ii.  288,  314.  Meadow  brook,  which  runs  into  an 
arm  of  Charlestown  (or  Ninigret's)  pond,  e.  of  Fort  Neck : 
weque-tukq-es-et  '  at  the  head  of  the  small  cove '  or  tidal 
river  :  a  diminutive  of  Wequatuck-et. 

Weeqiieenucli  (Moh.)  a  swamp,  so.  of  Trading  Cove 
brook,  not  far  from  its  mouth,  in  Montville.  C.  Arch., 
Indians,  i.  67. 

WequonoCf  Weqiianucl*  (Moh.) :  near  Shetucket  river, 
in  the  n.  e.  part  of  (old)  Norwich,  now  in  Lisbon.  The  river, 
a  plain,  and  an  island  in  the  river  were  called  by  this  name, 
which  seems  to  have  originally  belonged  to  the  place  where 
Little  River  enters  the  Shetucket,  in  Lisbon  :  "  the  brook 
which  comes  in  at  Wequanock"  Miss  Larned's  Windh.  Co., 
i.  105.  (Miss  Caulkins,  Hist.  Norwich,  621,  regards  this  as 
"the  Indian  name  for  the  low  land  on  the  Shetucket,  above 
and  below  the  junction  of  the  Ouinebaug ;"  but  for  Quinebaug, 
we  may  substitute  Little  river.)  Popularly  abbreviated  to 
Quonuck.  Probably,  a  corruption  of  Wequadnauk  (=  Wequad- 
nach,  q.  v.)  'at  the  end  of  the  hill'  (south  of  the  mouth  of 
Little  river). 

Werawmaug,  Warramaitf/:  the  name  by  which  the 
"  sachem  of  Weantinock,"  who  lived  near  the  Great  Falls  of 
the  Housatonic,  in  New  Milford,  was  known  to  the  English : 
al.  Werauhamaugi  \Veromaug,  and  shortened  to  Rawamaug, 
Rau'maug.  Deed  of  1716,  on  N.  Milford  Rec.,  i.  73  ;  C.  R. 
Lands,  iii.  362  ;  iv.  34.  In  his  deed  to  New  Milford  he 
reserved  a  tract  of  2,000  acres,  for  hunting  ground.  This 
tract,  afterwards  called  "  Raumaug's  Reserve,"  is  now  in  the 
parish  of  New  Preston,  in  Washington :  and  the  name  is  still 
retained  for  "  Waranmang  Lake"  (until  recently,  Raiim'aug 
pond,)  on  the  n.  w.  border  of  New  Preston,  partly  in  Warren. 


86 

The  Indian  name  for  this  pond  was  \\\>iikcjnang  (q.  v.) 
ll'i-rtiHHiiiHg  means  '  good  fishing  place.'  The  sachem  may 
have  taken  his  appellation  from  his  place  of  residence,  near 
the  famous  fishing-place  below  the  falls  of  the  Housatonic 
(see  Metichawoif).  Such  transference  of  place-names  to 
persons  was  very  common  :  e.  g.  Poichatau,  so  called  because 
his  chief  residence  was  'at  the  falls'  on  James  river  (Va.)  ; 
so,  Nonnewaug,  Winuepank,  q.  v.  [There  was  a  Pocomtuck 
sachem  (at  Deerfield,  Mass.)  who  had  the  same  name  or 
appellation  (Werroivomang,  Werowomake^)  as  early  as  1654; 
see  Recs.  Comm'rs.  U.  Cols.,  1654.] 

Wescoiui(/nf/.     See  Wishquodiniack. 

Weshokctsta/neek.    See  Wachocastinook. 

Wesqitaciesauff  brook  :  runs  into  Quinebaug  river  from 
the  east,  opposite  the  so.  end  of  Wenaniasoug  hill.  C.  A., 
Priv.  Controv.,  ii.  298.  See  Wenaniasoug. 

Wesqua/nfooJe  :  abb  rev.  Squantwk,  Squontk,&\.c..:  a  tract 
of  land  on  the  Housatonic  river,  at  or  near  the  mouth  of 
Four-mile  brook  in  Seymour.  The  tract  called  "  Wesquantook 
and  Rockhouse  hill,"  sold  by  the  Indians  in  1693,  extended 
from  Four-mile  brook  northward,  to  Five-mile  brook  (in 
Oxford).  Orcutt's  Derby,  94,  95  :  Sharpe's  Seymour,  7. 
Mod.  Squantuck,  as  the  name  of  a  school-district  (now 
annexed  to  the  First,)  in  Seymour.  The  meaning  is  not 
ascertained. 

Wctanwanvhu,  W<>efttanu'<«'l)on:  a  hill,  or  moun- 
tainous ridge,  parallel  with  the  Housatonic,  in  Salisbury. 
C.  A.,  T.  &  L.,  vii.  245  ;  C.  R.  Lands,  iv.  442  ;  "  Watawanchu 
mountain,"  on  a  modern  map.  [In  Judge  Church's  Address 
(1842),  pp.  12,  74,  the  name  is  printed  Wotawanchu ;  but  I 
do  not  find  this  form  in  any  early  record.]  In  \Vcataitk 
and  Wetauwauchu  we  have,  apparently,  the  same  adjectival ; 
prefixed,  in  the  former  name,  to  the  representative  of  aitkc 
'  place,  land,'  and  in  the  latter,  to  wadchu,  wauchu,  'mountain.' 
Weatau-wauchu  is  '  Weataug  mountain.'  See  Went  auk. 

Weewodaiva.     See  Weqnapaug. 

WeijonyhchaitfjfWeyeouycftlHi.iHj  (Ouineb.) :  by  the 
testimony  of  Quinebaug  Indians,  1706,  this  was  the  n.  w. 


87 

bound  of  Hyems's  land  ;  ab.  5  miles  w.  of  Ouinebaug  river. 
C.  A.,  T.  &  L.,  ii.  1 88;  We-you-chang-guck,  C.  R.  Lands, 
ii.  309.  Near  the  so.  line  of  Pomfret. 

Witnut  me  fuses,  Wt/<t  nemesis:  in  or  near  the  s.  e. 
corner  of  the  Quinebaug  country  claimed  by  Hyems.  Accord- 
ing to  Indian  testimony,  1701,  the  s.  e.  corner  of  the  Ouine- 
baug land  was  at  Wianemeises  PutacawmaumsJiciick  ;  though 
some  Ouinebaug  Indians  fixed  the  s.  e.  corner  at  Atchauben- 
inick,  placing  Wianemeises  'at  a  distance,  in  the  line  [no. 
easterly]  from  the  corner,  on  one  side,'  and  Putacawmumsh- 
cuck  in  the  line  on  the  other  side.  C.  A.,  T.  &  L.  ii.,  188  ; 
C.  R.  Lands,  ii.  308.  It  "bounded  on  the  Narraganset 
country."  Near  the  line  betw.  Voluntown  and  Exeter,  R.  I. 

Wiashquagwwnsuck  (Moh.)  :  one  of  the  w.  bounds 
of  the  Mohegan  territory,  "  s.  about  10°  w.  from  Moshenups 
[the  so.  end  of  Snipsic  pond]  ;  where  the  Hartford  road  goes 
(through  the  notch  in  the  mountain)  to  the  Cedar  swamp." 
Chandler's  Survey,  1705,  in  Moh.  Case,  49.  At  or  near 
Bolton  Notch. 

Wiekdbany  ;  Wickaboxet.  See  Wequapaug ;  Wequa- 
paugset. 

Wicketaquock.     See  Wequatucket. 

Will! nuui'tic  river:  runs,  southerly,  through  Tolland 
county,  receiving  Hop  river  at  the  s.  e.  corner  of  Coventry, 
and  joins  Natchaug  river,  near  the  present  borough  of 
Willimantic,  to  form  the  Shetucket ;  "  Waramanticut  river," 
Oweneco's  deed,  1684,  and  Col.  Rec.,  iii.  202  ;  Wallamanticuk, 
Wewemantick  river,  C.  A.,  T.  &  Lands,  v.  119;  Wcamman- 
tuck,  Chandler's  Survey,  1705.  The  name  did  not  originally 
belong  to  the  river,  but  to  some  locality  on  or  near  its  course. 
It  is  not  easv  to  decide  which  of  the  forms  under  which  the 

^ 

name  appears  best  represents  the  Indian  pronunciation.  The 
first  two  syllables  may  stand  for  ivinni  (varying,  in  local 
dialects,  to  wirri,  watt  re,  willi,  wee}  'good,  fine,  pleasant '- 
or  woweau  (ivewe,  waemt,  etc.)  'round  about,'  'winding'; 
and  the  last  two  syllables  may  represent  manatnck  '  a  look- 
out, or  place  of  observation '  (usually,  a  hill  top)  —  or, 
mahantick,  manantik,  '  a  cedar  swamp ' :  and  consequently, 


88 

the  name,  as  it  comes  to  us,  may  be  interpreted  '  a  good 
lookout'  (designating  some  bold  hill  near  the  river)  'good 
cedar-swamp,' — or  'where  it  winds  about  a  bold  hill,'  or 
'  cedar-swamp.' 

11'int/H'finf/.     See  ]Vcpatnck. 

II  tint ijt<K(k :  mills,  village,  and  post-office,  in  the  no. 
part  of  Norvvalk  ;  named  after  one  of  the  Indian  proprietors 
of  lands  in  the  township,  who  joined  in  the  deed  of  1651-52, 
to  the  Norwalk  planters :  "  Winnipank,  sagamore  of  Norwalk," 
is  named  in  a  deed  of  1690.  Hall's  Norwalk,  35,  37,  93. 
/ 1  ewinajwuc&vras  one  of  the  signers  of  the  deed  of  Weanlinock 
(New  Milford)  in  1703.  Winni-paitg  means  'fine  pond,'  and 
the  name  given  to  the  sagamore  may,  as  in  many  other 
instances,  have  been  taken  from  the  place  where  he  lived. 

H'tHSfff/iCH'eft :  in  Stonington  (old)  bounds.  Walter 
Palmer  had  a  town  grant  of  land  there,  in  1660.  Winshachook 
is  named  in  a  deed  of  Tho.  Rose.  Ston.  Rec.  The  same  as 
Wintechogf  Compare  WinsoJickook,  Weinshauks. 

Wiiiso/M'hook  (Moh.)  :  a  bound-mark  in  the  Mohegan 
so.  line  ;  "a  great  clift  of  rocks"  on  the  w.  side  of  Eight-mile 
river  in  Lyme,  nearly  2^  miles,  e.  by  no.  northerly  from 
Stone's  Rock.  Chandler,  1705,  Moh.  Case,  50.  Weegoschook, 
1666,  Col.  Rec.,  iii.  149;  Wegasoeguck,  T.  &  L.,  i.  223  ;  v.  70. 
Now,  Mount  Archer  in  North  Lyme.  Comp.  Weinsliauks, 
WinsacJiewctt,  Wintechog. 

Wintechoy  hill :  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  North  Stonington, 
e.  of  Lantern  hill. 

ll'isf/HfKfes:   "near   to    Poquetannoc    brook,"    where  a 

farm  of  200  acres  was  laid  out  to  Benj.  Brewster,  in  1669, 

joining  Norwich  bounds.     Col.   Rec.,  ii.  90  ;  iii.  220.     See 

Wochsquamugguck.     Near  the  so.  line  of    Preston.     From 

(Narr.)  iviissoquat,  (Moh.)  wisliquuts  'walnut  trees'  ? 

II  fs/n/iioflin /</<•/.%  Wi$fMlua£enniOff,  Westquodniake 
(Quineb.) :  the  n.  e.  bound-mark  of  the  Quinebaug  country 
claimed  by  Hyems.  Ind.  Testim.,  in  T.  &  Lands,  ii.  188. 
It  was  very  near  to  (and  eastward  from)  MacJiepaconaponsuck, 
and  SJienunkcJiooge.  Called  also,  Westquanoid  (Arnold's  R. 
Island,  ii.  5)  ,and  Wesconnaug, —  as  the  name  of  a  tract 


89 

comprising  the  so.  part  of  Foster  and  Scituate,  R.  I.,  sold  by 
Moosup,  the  Narrag.  sachem,  to  Cranston  and  others,  in 
1662  (C.  A.,  Col.  Bds.,  i.  200).  The  name  appears  under  so 
diverse  forms,  than  any  interpretation  must  be  conjectural  ; 
but,  as  pronounced  by  Quinebaug  Indians  (Testimony,  in 
T.  &  Lands,  ii.  188),  "WisJi-quat-en-ni-og"  and  "Wishquod- 
iniack?  it  appears  to  mean  '  walnut-tree  land,'  wishquatinne- 
auke,  or  '  walnut-tree  hill  land,'  wiskquut-adene*auke.  (Comp. 
Acqueedennitck.} 

WochokiesJcquOB,     See  Wottochoquisk. 

Woehsquamugguek  (Moh.) :  "a  brook  or  place" 
between  Wisquades  and  Norwich  so.  bounds,  where  a  parcel 
of  meadow  was  laid  out  to  Mr.  Benj.  Brewster,  in  1669. 
Col.  Rec.,  iii.  220,  note.  Near  Poquetanock  brook,  and  the 
present  line  betw.  Preston  and  Ledyard.  Named,  probably, 
from  some  kind  of  fish  taken  there  :  like  m  squamauguck 
(Misquamicuk)  '  place  of  taking  salmon,'  and  other  names  of 
similar  composition. 

VWongateey  (Moh.):  a  bound-mark  of  the  Quinebaug 
country,  w.  of  the  river,  in  a  line  running  n.  westerly 
from  Wanungatuck  (the  bend  of  the  river,  in  n.  e.  part  of 
Canterbury)  to  the  head  of  Little  river.  Pequot  Testim.,  in 
Col.  Rec.  Lands,  ii.  308 ;  T.  &  Lands,  ii.  188.  In  Brooklyn, 
or  Hampton. 

Woangatuchm     See  Wanungatuck. 

Won<i'u/m,,  Wonf/nnfc:  means  'a  bend,'  'at  the  bend' :— 

1.  In    the'  n.    w.    part   of   Portland    (and   s.    w.    part   of 
Glastonbury)  where  the  name  is  still  retained  for  the  Wongunk 
meadows,  and  brook.     Wongum,  Col.  Rec.,  i.  434 ;  "  Wonggum 
Indians,"  id.,  ii.  379;  "Wongunk  meadow,"  id.,  iv.  213.     So 
called  from  the  great  bend  of  the  Connecticut,  between  Mid- 
dletown  and  Portland. 

2.  Wangum   mountain    in    Canaan,    projects    southward, 
from    Canaan   mountain,   making  a  '  bend '   in   the  general 
range. 

Wonf/umbaiif/  (Moh.) :  pond,  in  (South)  Coventry :  al. 
Wangmnbog.  The  name,  wonkunpaug  '  bent  (or  crooked) 
pond'  was  extended  over  a  considerable  tract  of  land  in  the 

12 


90 

e.  part  of  Coventry  and  so.  part  of  Tolland.  Waldo's  Tolland 
Address,  17. 

Won n ii  n s/i oftke.     See  Unggivonshackcook. 

WonJtfemaug  pond:  betw.  Washington  (New  Preston) 
and  Warren,  within  the  tract  formerly  called  Weramaug's 
hunting  grounds,  or  Raumaug  ;  hence,  Raumaug  pond,  and 
now,  "  Weramaug  lake."  C.  R.  Lands,  i.  92  ;  iv.  35.  Its 
Indian  name,  otherwise  written  Wonkkecomatig  "signifies  a 
crooked  pond,"  1720  (C  R.  Lds.,  iii.  364)  ;  more  exactly,  'a 
crooked  fishing-place '  ivonki-amaug. 

Wonksuntcam/ufff  Wona&unkamug :  pond  in  the 
n.  w.  part  of  New  Hartford,  on  the  Barkhamsted  line  (Blod- 
gett's  and  Hudson  &  Goodwin's  maps) :  now,  Shepherd's  pond. 

?Wo)iococomauff :  named  in  John  Pynchon's  deed  to 
Suffield,  as  within  the  territory  conveyed.  Sykes's  Hist. 
Address,  32.  Now  Congamuck  pond,  betw.  Suffield  and 
Southwick,  Mass.  ?  The  name  probably  denotes  a  fishing- 
fence,  or  weir  :  wonkonco-komuk,  or  wonkunk-amaug ;  or,  is  a 
corruption  of  Wonkemaug  (q.  v.)  ? 

Wonunkapauffcoofc,  -pauJeooJc :  land  at  and  near  the 
great  pond  (Furnace  pond)  near  Lakeville,  in  Salisbury :  the 
name  appears  on  the  Salisbury  Proprietors  Records,  April, 
1739,  as  Wonnunkopaucook  (substituted,  in  several  places,  for 
"Great  Pond,"  which  was  first  written,  and  erased).  It  is 
elsewhere  written,  Wononcapawcook,  Unkapaukook  (C.  R. 
Lands,  iv.  187,  306)  ;  Wenunkeapaucook  (id.,  iii.  424)  ;  and 
Wenunkapaugoog  (id.,  iv.  441)  ;  always  with  reference  to  a 
tract  of  land;  but  "  Wononkopoco  pond  (1726)  and  "  Wowoncko- 
panco  pond"  (1733),  in  C.  R.  Lands,  iv.  306,  350.  From 
these  and  other  corruptions  of  one  name,  two  independent 
names  have,  within  the  last  century,  been  fashioned  :  "  Wonon- 
scopom'uc\2?££."  for  the  Great  (Furnace)  pond,  and  "Wonon- 
pakook  lake"  for  Long  pond  (or  "the  Middle  pond,"  as  it  was 
occasionally  denominated  in  Salisbury,  early  records :  see 
Tattauquannock-paugcook) .  For  Wononscopomuc,  I  am  unable 
to  find  earlier  authority  than  Judge  Church's  Hist.  Address 
(1842).  The  name,  as  found  in  the  ancient  records,  with 
whatever  variation,  means  'land  at  the  bend,  or  turning, 


of  the  pond ' ;  wonunki-paug-oJike  '  bend  of  the  pond  land.' 
Whether  the  locality  designated  was  at  the  south-east  exten- 
sion of  the  pond,  or  on  the  north  side,  where  it  is  indented 
by  the  land,  I  cannot  determine.  See  Kenunckpacooke :  and 
comp.  Wanungatuck. 

WopOWCLUg.     See  Wepowage. 

Woronock,  Oronoke :  at  the  ferry  over  the  Housatonic, 
at  the  narrows  between  Milford  and  Stratford.  The  Indians 
had  a  village  on  the  Milford  side,  at  this  place.  Lambert's 
N.  H.  Colony,  96,  100,  126-7.  "Oronoque  ferry;"  "Oronoque 
village,"  in  Stratford. 

2.  Orenaug  rocks,  in  Woodbury  (q.  v.)  If  of  Indian 
origin,  the  name  was,  probably,  transferred  from  some  other 
locality. 

[3.  Waranoco,  Warronocke ;  Westfield,  Mass. ;  Waronocke, 
1638,  Col.  Rec.,  i.  14 ;  Warranoake,  ibid.,  410.] 

?Wote9amoon8Uck  pond:  near  the  line  betw.  North 
Stonington  and  Hopkinton,  R.  I.  ;  sends  a  branch  into 
Ashawog  river.  Lockwood's  Map  of  R.  I.,  1819.  Watesa- 
moonsuck,  "  tract  and  hill,  w.  of  Hopkinton,"  Parsons,  Ind. 
Names,  29. 

?  IViittochoquisk  (Moh.)  :  the  n.  e.  bound  of  Joshua's 
deed  of  Hebron  :  near  Hop  river,  in  Andover  ?  The  same 
as  Wochokeiskquas,  the  more  southerly  and  easterly  of  two 
tracts,  about  a  mile  apart,  each  containing  a  large  boggy 
meadow.  C.  R.  Lands,  ii.  130,  184;  iv.  334,  351.  See 
WacJiaqueage. 

Wunnashowatiickqut,  Showatuckqut ;  the  country 
of  the  Wunnashowatuckoogs,  mentioned  by  Roger  Williams, 
in  1637,  as  confederates  of  the  Pequots.  They  were  neigh- 
bors of  the  Wusquowlianawkits  [i.  e.  '  people  of  the  pigeon 
country'],  "who  are  the  furthermost  Nipnet  men"  (4  Mass. 
Hist.  Coll.,  vi.  1 88,  193,  197,  207,)  and  were  subjects  to 
Canonicus  (Potter's  Narrag.,  145).  In  Worcester  county, 
Mass.,  '  at  the  crotch  of  the  river,'  as  the  name  denotes  (see 
She  tucket} ;  probably  at  the  forks  of  Blackstone's  river,  or 
perhaps  betw.  Quinebaug  and  French  rivers. 


92 

n  tut  iH'f/nnscf  hill:  in  Lebanon,  about  2  miles  no.  of 
the  centre  (Town  street).  Lester's  Map.  Dr.  Nott's  MS. 
Account  of  Franklin  names  "Oiieigiinsct,  a  small  hill  ;  .  .  the 
Suscatomset  passes  its  front."  (If  this  is  the  same  hill,  he 
was  wrong  in  giving  its  distance  and  direction  as  "  two  miles 
north"  from  Franklin  church.)  The  name  comes  apparently 
from  wunnaug  '  dish  '  or  '  bowl,'  of  which  the  diminutive  is 
•ivunnangans  (Chip,  ondgans),  with  the  locative  suffix  ;  and  if 
so,  it  designates  either  the  hill  itself,  as  '  bowl  shaped,'  or 
some  'hollow'  on  or  near  it. 

Wuttooiuif/  river:  Rocky  river,  in  New  Fairfield  and 
New  Milford,  running  n.  easterly  to  the  Housatonic.  It 
receives  Poataskehung  brook,  in  New  Fairfield.  C.  R.  Lands, 
iii.  333  ;  C.  A.,  T.  &  Lands,  viii.  150,  155.  Wattoonug,  1715. 
pond.  See  Ahyosupsuck. 


Yngotnpsh,  Yf  if/  tni.sk  (Narr.)  :  the  e.  bound  of  a  farm 
in  the  Narraganset  country,  laid  out  in  1673,  to  the  heirs  of 
Gov.  John  Haynes  ;  described  as  "a  brook  running  southerly 
into  a  cove  or  pond,"  e.  of  Ninigret's  fort,  in  Charlestown, 
R.  I.  Col.  Rec.,  ii.  188;  C.  R.  Lds.,  i.  409,  435;  Potter's 
Narrag.,  65.  "Probably  the  Cross'  Mill  brook,"  Parsons, 
Ind.  Names,  32.  See  Wequatuxet. 

Yan'tuc,  Yonttthque  (Moh.),  mod.  Yantic:  a  small 
river,  running  westerly  and  so.  westerly,  through  the  so.  part 
of  Lebanon,  Bozrah,  and  Norwich,  and  uniting  with  Shetucket 
river,  at  Norwich  city.  The  first  settlers  of  Norwich  gave 
the  name  of  Yantuck  to  the  whole  district,  along  the  course 
of  this  river,  beyond  their  town-plot.  In  Uncas's  deed  to 
Connecticut,  1640,  Yomtack  is  named  as  one  of  the  places, 
or  tracts  of  lands,  conveyed.  The  name  may  signify,  either, 
yauun  (Mass.  yoaett)-tuk,  'on  one  side  of  the  tidal-river,'  or 
yden-tuk  'extending  to  the  tidal-river.'  (The  termination  tuk, 
denoting  a  tidal  stream  or  estuary,  cannot  have  belonged  to 
the  Yantic  above  the  falls.) 

Yantuckkoyofj  (Moh.)  :  bound-mark  in  the  e.  line  of  the 
Wabaquasset  country,  betw.  "Yeomskgie"  and  "  Neshwrige? 
in  Oweneco's  deed  of  1684,  C.  R.  Lands,  ii.  118  ;  Gantuck- 
koyog  (by  the  recorder's  error)  in  Col.  Rec.,  iii.  150; 


93 

Nantuckoyag,   betw.    Yeeompsky   and   Nashawog,   in    C.    R. 
Lands,  ii.  206. 

Yash1ewongu/n<nuck,  Yoskcowwongamuck,  (Moh.) :  a 
pond,  in  the  east  line  of  the  Mohegan  country,  about  70  rods 
long,  n.  w.  and  s.  e.,  and  30  rods  wide,  about  3  miles  n.  n.  e. 
from  Mahmansuck  (Billings's  pond,  in  North  Stonington). 
Chandler's  Survey,  and  map,  in  Moh.  Case,  48.  Now,  Hedge 
pond,  in  the  s.  e.  part  of  Voluntown. 

"*  Yfi ubttcks:  in  North  Stonington,  near  Cosaduck  hill 
and  brook.  Is  there  a  small  pond  thereabouts,  which  would 
authorize  the  analysis,  yoae-paugs  or  yawi-pogs  'on  one  side 
of  the  small  pond'? 

Y<urf/O(if/  pond  :  in  n.  w.  part  of  Hopkinton,  R.  I., 
near  the  Conn,  line ;  Parsons's  Ind.  names,  32 :  Yagoge, 
Thos.  Minor's  MS.  Diary. 

[2.  'Yawgoo,  Yawcook,  pond,  about  2^  miles  n.  w.  from 
So.  Kingstown  (R.  I.)  station,  on  the  line  betw.  Exeter  and 
Richmond :  Yazvgoo  woods  are  north  of  it.  Parsons's  Ind. 
Names  in  R.  I.,  32.] 

:*  Ymvyoltby :  a  place  on  the  Great  Neck,  New  London, 
bears  this  awful  name,  in  a  deed  to  Rev.  Mr.  Bleninan,  1654. 
N.  L.  Records.  Perhaps  a  perversion  of  (aucnp,  R.  W.) 
yoae-koopog  '  at  the  side  of  the  cove,  or  harbor '  ;  Narr. 
aucup  'a  little  cove,  or  creek'  (R.  W.). 

Yeeompshy, -omstegfe  (Moh.):  in  the  east  bounds  of 
the  Wabaquasset  and  Nipmuck  purchase,  northward  from 
Yantuckkoyog,  q.  v. 

Yeushquatuck i  named  by  Ouinebaug  Indians  as  a 
bound-mark  in  the  no.  line  of  Quinebaug  lands ;  betw. 
Mashapaug  (Killingly  pond)  and  Weyoughchauguck,  the  n. 
w.  corner  bound.  C.  Rec.  Lands,  ii.  309.  In  Pomfret. 


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